Severe Extravasation Injuries in Neonates: A Report of 34 Cases

Abstract

Extravasation injuries in extremely preterm and low-birthweight infants are more likely to lead to skin necrosis. Peripheral venous catheterization should be performed with caution in these patients to prevent such injuries. Immediate irrigation with normal saline is recommended to reduce toxic sequelae in the infiltrated area.

Younger age and in situ duration of peripheral intravenous catheters were risk factors for extravasation in a retrospective paediatric study

“…This was consistent with the literature, which reported that 22% of cases in a neonatal unit involved PIVCs and the rates were 12% in a paediatric intensive care unit and 16% in a paediatric surgical ward . Severe extravasation has been reported in 2.4% to 3.8% of neonates, causing skin necrosis in 0.4% of the cases . The present study did not determine the severity of extravasation, as no grading scale was available in the electronic patient record system.…”

“…An extravasation incidence rate of 0.04 per patient day was calculated in another study of paediatric patients between birth and 18 years of age and 93% of these cases involved a PIVC . Severe extravasation has been reported with an incidence of 2.4% in neonates, causing skin necrosis in 0.4% of cases . In another study, 38 per 1000 neonates experienced extravasation with skin necrosis .…”

“…These patients had a mean postmenstrual age of 26.1 weeks and 93% of the injuries involved a PIVC. Different risk factors have been highlighted, such as low birthweight , continuous administration of hyperosmolar drugs and intravenous therapy for more than five days or the presence of phlebitis . To our knowledge, only one study has evaluated the risk factors in a large sample of children with and without extravasation .…”

Treating severe wounds in pediatrics with medical grade honey: A case series

“…Extravasation is the accidental leakage of fluid, such as medication or nutrients, into the surrounding tissue during infusion. Subsequently, this can lead to skin and soft tissue damage and result in severe ischemia, infection, and necrosis …”

Turkish Validity Reliability of the Pediatric Peripheral Intravenous Infiltration Scale and Its Adaptation to Newborns

“…Dünyada kullanılan intravenöz infiltrasyon ölçeklerinde genel olarak infiltrasyon düzeyi gözlemsel bulgulara göre belirlenmektedir (3,16,(20)(21)(22). Düzey belirlemenin ardından yapılacak işlemler kurum politikalarına göre değişmektedir.…”