Severe eosinophilic cholangiohepatitis due to fluke infestation in a pony in Scotland

Raftery, Alexandra G.; Berman, Katherine; Sutton, David

doi:10.1111/eve.12470

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This leads to difficulty in diagnosis using faecal egg detection methods. However, there is evidence from case reports and experimental infections that horses can be adversely affected by F. hepatica , with clinical signs including poor performance, fatigue, diarrhoea, inappetence and jaundice. At the same time, liver disease is common in horses and the cause can often be difficult to find .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasciola hepatica in UK horses

Howell

Malalana

Beesley

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Background Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) affects grazing animals including horses but the extent to which it affects UK horses is unknown. Objectives To define how liver fluke affects the UK horse population. Study design Descriptive, cross‐sectional, observational study. Methods An F. hepatica excretory‐secretory antibody detection ELISA with a diagnostic sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 97% was validated and used to analyse serum samples. An abattoir study was performed to determine prevalence. A case‐control study of 269 horses compared fluke exposure between horses with liver disease and controls. Data on clinical signs and blood test results were collected for sero‐positive horses. Genotyping of adult fluke was used to produce a multilocus genotype for each parasite. Results Four (2.2%) of 183 horses registered in the UK, sampled in the abattoir, had adult flukes in the liver, and the sero‐prevalence of F. hepatica was estimated as 8.7%. In the case‐control study, horses showing signs consistent with liver disease had significantly higher odds of testing positive for F. hepatica on ELISA than control horses. In 23 sero‐positive horses, a range of non‐specific clinical signs and blood test abnormalities was reported, with a third of the horses showing no signs. Genotypic analysis of liver flukes from horses provided evidence that these came from the same population as flukes from sheep and cattle. Main limitations Bias could have arisen in the prevalence and case‐control studies due to convenience sampling methods, in particular the geographic origin of the horses. Only a small number of horses tested positive so the data on clinical signs are limited. Conclusions Exposure to liver fluke occurs frequently in horses and may be an under‐recognised cause of liver disease. Flukes isolated from horses are from the same population as those found in ruminants. When designing and implementing parasite control plans, fluke should be considered, and horses should be tested if appropriate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasciola hepatica in UK horses

Howell

Malalana

Beesley

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Liver fluke infections have been recorded in a broad range of mammals from several different classes. The focus of this article is on fasciolosis in cattle and sheep, but many other species can act as final hosts for F. hepatica, including domestic ruminants (Reddington et al, 1986), deer (Alexander and Buxton, 1994), camelids (Hamir and Smith, 2002), rodents (Poitou et al, 1993), lagomorphs -which can act as a wildlife reservoir (Walker et al, 2011), horses (Raftery et al, 2017;Williams and Hodgkinson, 2017), swine (Mezo et al, 2013;Ross et al, 1967a) and man (Mas-Coma et al, 2005). in addition, there is a report of liver fluke infection in a bird, the emu (Vaughan et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver fluke infections in cattle and sheep

Forbes

2017

Livestock

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The trematode, Fasciola hepatica, is a cosmopolitan parasite of temperate regions that can infect a wide variety of wild and domestic mammalian species, including man. Host-responses differ amongst different species and this article focuses on the contrast between cattle and sheep, the two classes of livestock in which fasciolosis assumes the greatest economic importance. In the sheep, acute fasciolosis resulting from parenchymal damage to the liver and haemorrhage caused by migrating juvenile flukes is a severe and potentially fatal disease. In contrast, the parenchymal stages have limited effects in cattle and the acute form of the disease is extremely rare. Though there is no evidence for a functional, acquired immune response to Fasciola hepatica, cattle provide a less hospitable environment, probably due to the profound changes in parasitised bile ducts, which render them as unsuitable habitats for feeding fluke. Consequently, in untreated cattle, many liver fluke die within 18 months of infection, though some can survive for 2 years or more. In the sheep, essentially, the fluke can live as long as the sheep; up to 11 years has been reported. These differences lead to the need for different treatment approaches in cattle and sheep with respect to juvenile fluke, but do also provide some opportunities for novel control approaches, based on the relative tolerance of cattle and their ability to limit parasitic damage to the liver parenchyma.

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“…; Raftery et al . ). Horses with PPID have been demonstrated to have less effective neutrophil activity due to reduced oxidative burst and impaired chemotaxis (McFarlane et al .…”

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confidence: 97%

Mycobacterial infections in equids: Clinical characteristics and diagnostic techniques

Sutton

Michel

2017

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Mycobacterial infections in equids are relatively rare but the case report (Charlesworth 2017) detailed in this issue highlights that Mycobacterium bovis infections may still result in clinical signs in this incidental host and have zoonotic potential. Most reported cases of M. bovis in horses have a protracted disease course, with features including pyrexia, weight loss and oedema with a nonspecific inflammatory profile. As such, the clinical features of disease overlap with conditions such as neoplasia, peritonitis, protein‐losing enteropathies and bacterial infections including Rhodococcus equi and Lawsonia intracellularis. In this clinical satellite article, mycobacterial infections in equids are considered in terms of incidence and mode of transmission, key clinical features and perhaps most importantly, in terms of the diagnostic techniques that can be used in order to reach a definitive (ante mortem) diagnosis. The major zoonotic risk to veterinary personnel is likely to occur at the time of post‐mortem examination of infected horses, and awareness of these potential risks remains of the utmost importance.

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Severe eosinophilic cholangiohepatitis due to fluke infestation in a pony in Scotland

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Fasciola hepatica in UK horses

Fasciola hepatica in UK horses

Liver fluke infections in cattle and sheep

Mycobacterial infections in equids: Clinical characteristics and diagnostic techniques

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