Severe decrements in cognition function and mood induced by sleep loss, heat, dehydration, and undernutrition during simulated combat

Lieberman, Harris R.; Bathalon, Gaston P.; Falco, C M.; Kramer, F. Matthew; Morgan, Charles A.; Niro, Philip J.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.014

Cited by 265 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Those who practiced less frequently or not at all degraded over time. As such, their findings were in line with past research suggesting that intensive military training compromises WM (e.g., Lieberman et al 2002aLieberman et al , 2005Morgan et al 2006), while also demonstrating that engaging in MT practice was protective. Nonetheless, the MT program employed in the study by was timeintensive (24 h over 8 weeks), making its broad inclusion into military training schedules potentially challenging.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…Yet, there were significantly fewer performance lapses in the military cohorts receiving MT relative to NTC, with training-focused MT outperforming didactic-focused MT at the end of the MT course interval. These results suggested that while sustained attention, much like WM Lieberman et al 2002aLieberman et al , 2005Morgan et al 2006), is vulnerable to compromise over protracted periods of high-demand military training, short-form MT is protective. The key finding was that training-focused short-form MT promoted greater cognitive resilience of attention in predeployment servicemembers relative to the didactic-focused program.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In military servicemembers, cognitive performance across a variety of domains, including WM, degrades over the course of a combat deployment (Vasterling et al 2006) and over the course of military field training, whether the training interval is relatively short (e.g., 5 days: Lieberman et al 2002aLieberman et al , 2005Morgan et al 2006) or long (8 weeks: Jha et al , 2015Jha et al , 2016. Degraded WM performance may signal risk and vulnerabilities for intrusive thoughts, poor mood, and psychological disorders such as PTSD (see Brewin and Smart 2005; for discussion).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The military deployment cycle increases the likelihood of servicemembers enduring psychological and physical harm, as well as suffering degradation in cognitive functioning (Marx et al 2009;Tanielian et al 2008;Vasterling et al 2006). In the months leading up to their deployment to a combat zone, servicemembers engage in mission-critical operational field training and Bstress-inoculation^training, which have been linked to degradation in cognitive performance (Lieberman et al 2002b(Lieberman et al , 2005Morgan et al 2006). Thus, the very cognitive faculties necessary for troops to best meet the challenges of combat may be compromised even before they are deployed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-Form Mindfulness Training Protects Against Working Memory Degradation over High-Demand Intervals

et al. 2017

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Periods of persistent and intensive demands may compromise working memory (WM) and increase susceptibility to distraction. We investigated if mindfulness training (MT) may mitigate these deleterious effects and promote cognitive resilience in military cohorts enduring a high-demand interval of military training. To better understand which aspects of MT programs are most beneficial, three military cohorts were examined. Two groups received 8-h variants of an MT course, Mindfulness-based Mind Fitness Training (MMFT)®, with one group emphasizing in-class training exercises (M8T, n = 40) and the other emphasizing didactic content (M8D, n = 40). A third group received no training (NTC, n = 46). Performance on a delayed-recognition WM task that varied mnemonic load (1 vs. 2 items) and delayspanning valenced distraction (negative vs. neutral images) was measured before (T1) and after (T2) an 8-week interval. Overall, task accuracy (% correct) was greater on low-vs. high-load trials, as well as trials with neutral vs. negative distraction. Task accuracy did not change over time in a civilian cohort (N = 22). Yet, it declined from T1 to T2 in the military cohorts, with the greatest degradation in NTC, followed by M8D, and near stable performance from T1 to T2 in M8T. This time by group effect significantly varied with load, but not with distracter valence. While NTC's performance degraded over time for both low-and high-load trials, M8D's performance degraded only for high load, and M8T did not show performance degradation for either load condition. These results suggest that MT may protect against WM degradation over high-demand intervals, with training-focused MT programs offering the greatest benefits for maintaining performance in high-load conditions.

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confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-Form Mindfulness Training Protects Against Working Memory Degradation over High-Demand Intervals

et al. 2017

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“…In addition, Kobbeltvedt and colleagues found in their study on military personnel that sleep deprivation led to longer task completion time versus those not sleep deprived (Kobbeltvedt, Brun, & Laberg, 2005). More comprehensive studies have also been undertaken to study sleep in a ''realistic'' military setting (Lieberman et al, 2005). Researchers examined elite Army soldiers involved in a live-fire training exercise who were exposed to multiple stressors (sleep loss, temperature, and limited food).…”

Section: Sleep Loss Cognitive Functioning and Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Disturbance Implications for Modern Military Operations

Lindsay¹,

Dyche²

2012

Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments

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Quality and Quantity of Sleep and Factors Associated With Sleep Disturbance in Hospitalized Patients

et al. 2018

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IMPORTANCE Although inadequate sleep has a proven negative association with health care outcomes, to date, no large-scale studies have examined sleep in general hospital wards. OBJECTIVES To assess the subjective quantity and quality of sleep and to identify the hospital-related factors associated with sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients. DESIGN For this nationwide, single-day, multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study, which took place on February 22, 2017, all hospitals in the Netherlands were encouraged by word of mouth and conventional and social media to participate in this study. A total of 39 hospitals participated. Included patients were at least 18 years of age, were able to give informed consent, and had spent at least 1 night in a regular-care hospital ward. EXPOSURES Hospitalization in a regular-care ward. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Quantity and quality of last night's sleep in the hospital compared with habitual sleep at home the month before hospitalization. The Consensus Sleep Diary and the Dutch-Flemish Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sleep Disturbance item bank were used. Complementary questions assessed sleep-disturbing factors. RESULTS A total of 2005 patients were included (median age, 68 years; interquartile range, 57-77 years; 994 of 1935 [51.4%] were male [70 patients did not identify their sex]). Compared with habitual sleep at home, the total sleep time in the hospital was 83 minutes (95% CI, 75-92 minutes; P < .001) shorter. The mean number of nocturnal awakenings was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.9-2.1) times at home vs 3.3 (95% CI, 3.2-3.5) times during hospitalization (P < .001). Patients woke up 44 minutes (95% CI, 44-45 minutes; P < .001) earlier than their habitual wake-up time at home. A total of 1344 patients (70.4%) reported having been awakened by external causes, which in 718 (35.8%) concerned hospital staff. All aspects of sleep quality measured using PROMIS questions were rated worse during hospitalization than at home. The most reported sleep-disturbing factors were noise of other patients, medical devices, pain, and toilet visits. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study demonstrated that the duration and quality of sleep in hospitalized patients were significantly affected and revealed many potentially modifiable hospital-related factors negatively associated with sleep. Raising awareness about the importance of adequate sleep in the vulnerable hospital population and introducing interventions to target sleep-disturbing factors may improve healing.

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Severe decrements in cognition function and mood induced by sleep loss, heat, dehydration, and undernutrition during simulated combat

Cited by 265 publications

References 27 publications

Short-Form Mindfulness Training Protects Against Working Memory Degradation over High-Demand Intervals

Short-Form Mindfulness Training Protects Against Working Memory Degradation over High-Demand Intervals

Sleep Disturbance Implications for Modern Military Operations

Quality and Quantity of Sleep and Factors Associated With Sleep Disturbance in Hospitalized Patients

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