Severe COVID-19 in Uganda across Two Epidemic Phases: A Prospective Cohort Study

Bakamutumaho, Barnabas; Cummings, Matthew J.; Owor, Nicholas; Kayiwa, John; Namulondo, Joyce; Byaruhanga, Timothy; Muwanga, Moses; Nsereko, Christopher; Rwamutwe, Emmanuel; Mutonyi, Roselyn; Achan, Josephine; Wanyenze, Lucy; Ndazarwe, Alice; Nakanjako, Ruth; Natuhwera, Richard; Nsangi, Annet; Bosa, Henry Kyobe; Ocom, Felix; O’Donnell, Max R; Kikaire, Bernard; Lutwama, Julius J.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.21-0551

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Similar low frequency for SARS-CoV-2 and malaria co-infections found in our study (1%) has been also reported in other studies (34–38) ( Supplementary Table 4 ). A systematic review of COVID-19 and malaria coinfection studies has estimated 11% of pooled prevalence (data of 5 studies) with a high degree of heterogeneity (39).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and co-occurrence/co-infection with malaria during the first wave of the pandemic (the Burkina Faso case)

López-Farfán

Yerbanga

Parres-Mercader

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Africa accounts for 1.5% of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and 2.7% of deaths, but this low incidence has been partly attributed to the limited testing capacity in most countries. In addition, the population in many African countries is at high risk of infection with endemic infectious diseases such as malaria. Our aim is to determine the prevalence and circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and the frequency of co-infection with the malaria parasite. We conducted serological tests and microscopy examinations on 998 volunteers of different ages and sexes in a random and stratified population sample in Burkina-Faso. In addition, nasopharyngeal samples were taken for RT-qPCR of SARS-COV-2 and for whole viral genome sequencing. Our results show a 3.2% and a 2.5% of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and PCR positivity; and 22% of malaria incidence, over the sampling period, with marked differences linked to age. Importantly, we found 2 cases of confirmed co-infection and 8 cases of suspected co-infection mostly in children and teenagers. Finally, we report the genome sequences of 13 SARS-CoV-2 isolates circulating in Burkina Faso at the time of analysis, assigned to lineages: A.19, A.21, B.1.1.404, B.1.1.118, B.1 and grouped into clades; 19B, 20A and 20B. This is the first population-based study about SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in Burkina Faso during the first wave of the pandemic, providing a relevant estimation of the real prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and variants circulating in this Sub-Saharan African country. Besides, it highlights the low frequency of co-infection with malaria in African communities.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and co-occurrence/co-infection with malaria during the first wave of the pandemic (the Burkina Faso case)

López-Farfán

Yerbanga

Parres-Mercader

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar low frequency for SARS-CoV-2 and malaria co-infections found in our study (1.9 %) has been also reported in other studies ( 37 – 41 ) ( Supplementary Table S4 ). A systematic review of COVID-19 and malaria coinfection studies has estimated 11% of pooled prevalence (data of 5 studies) with a high degree of heterogeneity ( 42 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and co-infection with malaria during the first wave of the pandemic (the Burkina Faso case)

López-Farfán

Yerbanga

Parres-Mercader

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Africa accounts for 1.5% of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and 2.7% of deaths, but this low incidence has been partly attributed to the limited testing capacity in most countries. In addition, the population in many African countries is at high risk of infection with endemic infectious diseases such as malaria. Our aim is to determine the prevalence and circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and the frequency of co-infection with the malaria parasite. We conducted serological tests and microscopy examinations on 998 volunteers of different ages and sexes in a random and stratified population sample in Burkina-Faso. In addition, nasopharyngeal samples were taken for RT-qPCR of SARS-CoV-2 and for whole viral genome sequencing. Our results show a 3.2 and a 2.5% of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and PCR positivity; and 22% of malaria incidence, over the sampling period, with marked differences linked to age. Importantly, we found 8 cases of confirmed co-infection and 11 cases of suspected co-infection mostly in children and teenagers. Finally, we report the genome sequences of 13 SARS-CoV-2 isolates circulating in Burkina Faso at the time of analysis, assigned to lineages A.19, A.21, B.1.1.404, B.1.1.118, B.1 and grouped into clades; 19B, 20A, and 20B. This is the first population-based study about SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in Burkina Faso during the first wave of the pandemic, providing a relevant estimation of the real prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and variants circulating in this Western African country. Besides, it highlights the non-negligible frequency of co-infection with malaria in African communities.

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“… 39 , 40 More than half of our study participants were < 50 years of age. Our age distribution was similar to other treatment centers in Ethiopia 32 , 34 , 35 and data from other sub-Saharan countries, 41 – 43 but younger than study populations reported from Europe, North America, and China. 44 This variation could be due to the generally younger population of the African continent and greater hospital admissions in the region early during the pandemic for those with mild COVID-19 disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Huluka

Etissa²,

Ahmed

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Data from much of Africa are still scarce on the clinical characteristics, outcomes of treatment, and factors associated with disease severity and mortality of COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Ethiopia’s first COVID-19 treatment center. All consecutive symptomatic SARS CoV-2 RT-PCR positive individuals, aged 18 and older, admitted to the hospital between March 13 and September 16, 2020, were included. Of the total 463 cases, 319 (68.9%) were male. The median age was 45 years (interquartile range 32–62). The most common three symptoms were cough (69%), shortness of breath (SOB; 44%), and fatigue (37%). Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity, followed by diabetes mellitus. The age groups 40 to 59 and ≥ 60 were more likely to have severe disease compared with those < 40 years of age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.88–6.31 and aOR = 3.46, 95% CI: 1.91–6.90, respectively). Other factors associated with disease severity included the presence of any malignancy (aOR = 4.64, 95% CI: 1.32–16.33) and SOB (aOR = 3.83, 95% CI: 2.35–6.25). The age group ≥ 60 was significantly associated with greater in-hospital mortality compared with those < 40 years. In addition, the presence of any malignancy, SOB, and vomiting were associated with higher odds of mortality. In Ethiopia, most COVID-19 patients were male and presented with cough, SOB, and fatigue. Older age, any malignancy, and SOB were associated with disease severity; these factors, in addition to vomiting, also predicted mortality.

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Severe COVID-19 in Uganda across Two Epidemic Phases: A Prospective Cohort Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and co-occurrence/co-infection with malaria during the first wave of the pandemic (the Burkina Faso case)

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and co-occurrence/co-infection with malaria during the first wave of the pandemic (the Burkina Faso case)

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and co-infection with malaria during the first wave of the pandemic (the Burkina Faso case)

Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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