Severe cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease: Senile plaque formation in cortical areas

Soneira, Carlos F.; Scott, T. M.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2353(1996)9:2<118::aid-ca4>3.0.co;2-d

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Cardiovascular diseases increase the incidence of dementia, including AD, in the elderly population [74,75]. Evidence of cerebral vascular disease in large or small vessels of the brain is found in about 70 -90% of those who die with AD, compared with only 30% of the non-AD group [42,76]. Diets high in fat and calories [77], hypercholesterolaemia [58], elevated serum homocysteine [78][79][80] and apoE e4 genotype [55,81] are also associated with an increased risk for the development of AD, as well as cardiovascular diseases [82] and stroke [83].…”

Section: Antihyperlipidemics and Antihypertensivessupporting

confidence: 79%

Emerging strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease at the Millennium

Emmerling¹,

Spiegel²,

Hall³

et al. 1999

Emerging Drugs

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It is estimated that by the year 2050 the number of cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) will more than triple in the United States alone. As longevity increases, AD cases are expected to skyrocket from 4 -14 m. Globally, the numbers may reach 60 -80 m. Those expected to develop AD in the next century are presently in their 20s, 30s or 40s. Thus, steps must be taken to prevent this imminent epidemic, and the emotional and economic toll that it will exact on both patients and families. Numerous new strategies to treat AD have emerged in the last decade. This is the direct result of an increased understanding of the molecular pathology associated with the development of AD dementia, as well as the harvesting of results from case-control and cohort epidemiological studies. AD is no longer viewed solely as a disease of neurotransmitter deficits or amyloid deposition. Rather, it is a combination of events (amyloidosis, neurofibrillary pathology, inflammation, oxidative stress and cerebral vascular insufficiency) that conspire to produce this dementia. This avalanche of information reveals the complexity of the genetic and environmental contributors to AD. At the same time, these advances also delineate new avenues by which AD may be palliated, halted or averted. In the present review, we shall explore the emerging opportunities for the treatment and prevention of AD. 35 1999

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Section: Antihyperlipidemics and Antihypertensivessupporting

confidence: 79%

Emerging strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease at the Millennium

Emmerling¹,

Spiegel²,

Hall³

et al. 1999

Emerging Drugs

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show abstract

“…These results are in agreement with recent observations showing a higher prevalence of senile plaques in patients with cardiovascular disease than in controls and with the significantly high plaque counts in the inferior watershed area, dentate gyrus, subiculum, and transentorhinal cortex. 37 Hemodynamic microcirculatory insufficiency and decline in blood pressure have been suggested to appear years before the onset of AD. [22][23][24]38,39 A prospective study considering the clinical and neuroimaging correlates of the presence or absence of watershed cortical infarcts may add additional data concerning cerebral hypoperfusion and arterial blood pressure during life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As suggested by other authors, [22][23][24][25]37 cerebral hypoperfusion, by decreasing the oxygen and nutritive support, may …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Hypoperfusion Generates Cortical Watershed Microinfarcts in Alzheimer Disease

Suter

Sunthorn²,

Kraftsik³

et al. 2002

Stroke

203

175

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Background and Purpose-The watershed cortical areas are the first to be deprived of sufficient blood flow in the event of cerebral hypoperfusion and will be the sites of watershed microinfarcts. Cerebral hypoperfusion is associated with Alzheimer disease (AD), but information regarding the occurrence of watershed cortical infarcts in AD is lacking. Methods-Brains of 184 autopsy cases (105 definite AD cases and 79 age-matched controls) were selected and analyzed by histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. The 3-dimensional reconstruction of the whole cerebrum, with 3-mm spaced serial sections, was performed in 6 AD cases to study the intrahemispheric and interhemispheric distribution of the cortical microinfarcts. Results-A significant association (Pϭ0.001) was found between the occurrence of watershed cortical infarcts and AD (32.4% versus 2.5% in controls). The microinfarcts were restricted to the watershed cortical zones. Congophilic angiopathy was revealed to be an important risk factor. Perturbed hemodynamic factors (eg, decreased blood pressure) may play a role in the genesis of cortical watershed microinfarcts. Conclusions-In

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“…106 High senile plaque densities correlated well with watershed areas in these brains such as dentate gyrus, subiculum, and transentorhinal cortex. 108 Not surprisingly, patients with AD are more likely to have aortic valve thickening, aortic valve regurgitation, left ventricular wall-motion abnormalities, left ventricular hypertrophy, and reduced EF than comparable control subjects. 28,29 As noted above, the medical literature linking left ventricular dysfunction with the eventual development of cognitive impairment is amazingly meager even though in the Most patients with EF above 35% reveal normal cognitive MMSE scores.…”

Section: Co/ef and Cognitive Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid Artery Ultrasound and Echocardiography Testing to Lower the Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease

Torre

2009

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases

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Severe cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease: Senile plaque formation in cortical areas

Cited by 44 publications

References 58 publications

Emerging strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease at the Millennium

Emerging strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease at the Millennium

Cerebral Hypoperfusion Generates Cortical Watershed Microinfarcts in Alzheimer Disease

Carotid Artery Ultrasound and Echocardiography Testing to Lower the Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease

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