Severe breakthrough COVID-19 cases in the SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) variant era

Wang, Stephen Y; Juthani, Prerak; Borges, Kelly A; Shallow, Marcus; Gupta, Akash; Price, Christina; Won, Christine; Chun, Hyung J.

doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00306-2

Cited by 50 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Similar inductions of MDA5 and its transcript IFIH1 (Figure 2 G and H respectively), and DDX58 transcripts (Figure 2I) further confirmed a strong activation of ISGs in B. 6 course. The activation of RLRs by their ligands is dependent on their posttranslational modification (28) and hence could be a potential target for suppression by Delta.…”

Section: Rlr and Jak-stat Are Activated By Early Variants But Not By ...supporting

confidence: 63%

“…The treatment brought about considerable reduction in N levels in B. 6 4G), indicating that the latter two variants have acquired resistance to IFN-α signaling, but are susceptible to RLR pathway activation. These results also suggest that the poly (I:C)-mediated restriction of SARS-CoV-2 is less dependent on IFN pathways, but uses non-canonical mechanisms against which SARS-CoV-2 has not gained resistance.…”

Section: Rlr and Jak-stat Are Activated By Early Variants But Not By ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 Variant Delta Potently Suppresses Innate Immune Response and Evades Interferon-Activated Antiviral Responses

Tandel

Sah

Singh

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 has caused more severe infections than its previous variants. We studied the host innate immune response to Delta, Alpha and two earlier variants to map the evolution of the recent ones. Our biochemical and transcriptomic studies reveal that Alpha and Delta have progressively evolved over the ancestral variants by silencing innate immune response, thereby limiting cytokine and chemokine production. Though Alpha silenced RLR pathway just as Delta, it failed to persistently silence the innate immune response unlike Delta. Both Alpha and Delta have evolved to resist IFN treatment while they are still susceptible to RLR activation, further highlighting the importance of RLR-mediated, IFN-independent mechanisms in restricting SARS-CoV-2. Our studies reveal that SARS-CoV-2 Delta has integrated multiple mechanisms to silence host innate immune response and evade IFN response. Delta's silent replication and sustained suppression of host innate immune response, possibly resulting in delayed or reduced intervention by the adaptive immune response, could potentially contribute to the severe symptoms and poor recovery index associated with it.

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Section: Rlr and Jak-stat Are Activated By Early Variants But Not By ...supporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Rlr and Jak-stat Are Activated By Early Variants But Not By ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Variant Delta Potently Suppresses Innate Immune Response and Evades Interferon-Activated Antiviral Responses

Tandel

Sah

Singh

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“… 23 , 24 , 25 The world has witnessed the devastating effects of the third wave of COVID‐19 pandemic a few months back, wherein particularly the delta variant lead to a high surge in cases owing to its high transmission rates, ability to cause severe disease, reinfection, causing severe breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals, and especially affecting nonvaccinated and vulnerable persons severely, altogether adding to the massive rise in the number of deaths worldwide. 22 , 26 , 27 , 28 As per the studies, Omicron cases may not be posing severe illness, especially for vaccinated people and those who have received a booster shot. 29 , 30 , 31 Although, until now, the Omicron variant is considered as milder as compared to previous SARS‐CoV‐2 VoCs such as Delta, however, much is yet to be known about this newly emerged variant; infected individuals can transmit it potentially to the vulnerable population and to those who are immunocompromised, elderly, suffering from comorbid diseases, and coinfections, and even if such persons may be vaccinated, omicron infection might result into complicated illness or deaths as has been observed earlier with infection from SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants in such highly susceptible population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Twin combination of Omicron and Delta variants triggering a tsunami wave of ever high surges in COVID‐19 cases: A challenging global threat with a special focus on the Indian subcontinent

Mohapatra¹,

Tiwari

Sarangi

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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The emergence of Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 has resulted into a very massive surge in COVID‐19 cases worldwide. Due to continuous emergence of multiple variants of SARS‐CoV‐2, the ongoing pandemic has caused severe morbidity and mortality in last two years. The rate of infectivity of Omicron variant is much higher than Delta variant and in a very quick time Omicron has displaced the Delta variant and now become a dominant variant across the globe. The twin combination of Omicron and Delta variant is triggering a Tsunami wave of ever high surges in COVID‐19 cases worldwide. This article highlights the global threats and challenges posed by Omicron, and strategies to counter it with a particular focus on Indian sub‐continent.

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“…Several countries achieved high two-dose COVID-19 vaccination coverage but have been unable to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The delta and omicron variants have recently spread worldwide [3], and are causing breakthrough infection in vaccinated individuals [4, 5]. A preliminary study showed that vaccination of inactivated vaccine-vaccinated adults with a 15 μg-BNT162b2 mRNA dose elicited high immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant [6, 7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a reduced and standard booster dose of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults after two doses of inactivated vaccine

Kanokudom

Assawakosri

Suntronwong³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a serious healthcare problem worldwide since December 2019. The third dose of heterologous vaccine was recently approved by World Health Organization. The present study compared the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the reduced and standard third booster dose of the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine in adults who previously received the two-dose CoronaVac vaccine. Results showed that headache, joint pain, and diarrhea were more frequent in the 15 μg-than the 30 μg-BNT162b2 groups, whereas joint pain and chilling were more frequent in the 100 μg-than the 50 μg-mRNA-1273 groups. No significant differences in immunogenicity were detected. These findings demonstrate that the reduced dose of the mRNA vaccines elicited antibody responses against the SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron variants that were comparable to the standard dose. The reduced dose could be used to increase vaccine coverage in situations of limited global vaccine supply.HighlightsThe 15 μg- and 30 μg-BNT162b2, and 50 μg- and 100 μg-mRNA-1273 booster doses were comparedBooster vaccination with the mRNA vaccine elicits high Ig and IgG anti-RBD in CoronaVac-vaccinated adultsNo differences were observed in antibody responses after the reduced or standard booster dose of the mRNA vaccine in CoronaVac-vaccinated adultsNeutralizing antibodies against the delta and omicron variants were significantly higher after the booster doseNeutralizing antibody titers were lower against the omicron variant than the delta variant in all vaccinated adults

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Severe breakthrough COVID-19 cases in the SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) variant era

Cited by 50 publications

References 8 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Variant Delta Potently Suppresses Innate Immune Response and Evades Interferon-Activated Antiviral Responses

SARS-CoV-2 Variant Delta Potently Suppresses Innate Immune Response and Evades Interferon-Activated Antiviral Responses

Twin combination of Omicron and Delta variants triggering a tsunami wave of ever high surges in COVID‐19 cases: A challenging global threat with a special focus on the Indian subcontinent

Comparison of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a reduced and standard booster dose of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults after two doses of inactivated vaccine

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