Severe botulism after focal injection of botulinum toxin

Souayah, Nizar; Karim, Hemmati; Kamin, Stephen; McArdle, Joseph J.; Marcus, Steven M.

doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000244417.34846.b6

Cited by 64 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…The main etiologies of adult botulism include foodborne botulism, wound botulism, and, rarely, botulism acquired by inhalation [1]. In addition, there is an increase in reported cases of iatrogenic botulism and botulism acquired by drug users [2]. In the United States, the mortality rate among patients with botulism reached 60–70% during the first decades of the 20th century, the era before mechanical ventilation [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Outcome and Hospitalization Charges of Adult Patients Admitted with Botulism in the United States

et al. 2012

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Background: To assess the impact of new therapeutic strategies on outcomes and hospitalization charges among adult patients with botulism in the United States. Methods: We determined in-hospital outcomes and charges for patients with botulism hospitalized in 1993–1994 and compared them with those observed among patients hospitalized in 2006–2007. Mortality, length of stay, and hospitalization charges were calculated. Age, sex, race, ethnicity, and discharge status were also reported. Results: There were 66 and 132 admissions of adult patients with botulism in 1993–1994 and 2006–2007, respectively. Men predominance was observed in 2006–2007 compared to women predominance during the 1993–1994 time period. There was no significant difference in the average length of stay and in-hospital mortality rate between the two groups studied. However, in the 2006–2007 group, there was a significant increase in the mean hospitalization charges (USD 126,092 ± 120,535 vs. USD 83,623 ± 82,084; p = 0.0107) and in the proportion of patients requiring mechanical ventilation when compared to 1993–1994 (34 vs. 13.6%; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Botulism continues to be an infrequent cause of hospitalization, with a significant increase in the average hospitalization charges in 2006–2007 when compared to 1993–1994, despite a nonsignificant change in the mortality rate and average length of hospitalization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Outcome and Hospitalization Charges of Adult Patients Admitted with Botulism in the United States

et al. 2012

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“…Once BoNT enters the intracellular space, antibodies do not have access to the toxin. In this situation, severely poisoned patients depend on artificial ventilation for long periods of time (Souayah et al, 2006). Therefore, it is important to develop effective prophylactic and therapeutic measures for BoNT/A.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Capsaicin Protects Mouse Neuromuscular Junctions from the Neuroparalytic Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxin A

Thyagarajan

Krivitskaya²,

Potian³

et al. 2009

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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“…Literatürde, bunun dışında tercih edilen ürünler sonucu meydana gelmiş ciddi komplikasyonlar bildirilmektedir (botulizm sendromu). 47 Komplikasyonlar, toksinin etkisinin geçici olması nedeni ile kalıcı hasar bırakmamaktadır. Göz çevresi uygulamalarında diplopi, göz kuruluğu, kaş veya göz kapağı pitozisi görülebilen komplikasyonlardır.…”

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The Uses and Application Methods of Botulinum Toxin in Ophthalmology

Aydemir¹,

Katircioğlu²,

Şingar³

et al. 2018

Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol

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otulinum toksini (BTX), gram-pozitif anaerobik bir bakteri olan Clostridium botulinum tarafından üretilmektedir ve insanlık tarihinde bilinen en potent toksinlerden biridir.1 Botulizm; klinik bir sendrom olup, kontamine besinlerin alınmasıyla veya cilt üzerindeki açık yaraya Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol 2018;27(1):51-7 51 Botulinum Toksininin Oftalmolojide Kullanım Alanları ve Uygulama Şekilleri Ö ÖZ ZE ET T Botulinum toksini (BTX), gram pozitif anaerobik bir bakteri olan Clostridium botulinum tarafından üretilmektedir ve insanlık tarihinde bilinen en potent toksinlerden biridir. Etkisini, kasların kasılmasında etkili nörotransmitter olan asetilkolinin kas-sinir aralığına geçişini engelleyerek göstermektedir. BTX, potansiyel etkilerine bağlı olarak farklı alanlarda kullanılmış ve Amerikan Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi tarafından adlandırılmıştır. Oftalmoloji dışında da tıpta birçok dalda kullanım alanları mevcuttur. BTX'in etkisi geçicidir ve tekrarlanan enjeksiyonlar ile etkinlik süresi uzatıl-maktadır. Başarılı uygulama, uygun enjeksiyon tekniğine ve uygulama bölgesindeki kas yapılarının anatomik pozisyonlarının ve özelliklerinin iyi bilinmesine bağlıdır. BTX'i, tedavi amaçlı kullanımına başlandığı 1980 yılından beri güvenle kullanılmaktadır. Komplikasyonları; enjeksiyonun hatalı böl-geye yapılması, önerilen doz dışında yapılması ve yanlış enjeksiyon tekniklerine bağlı olarak görül-mektedir. Bu çalışma, güncel bilimsel araştırmalar değerlendirilerek; BTX'in oftalmolojide kullanım alanları, yapılma şekli, doz uygulaması, endikasyonları ve kontrendikasyonları tartışılmış; yüz bölgesi uygulamaları, blefarospazm, şaşılık, entropion, üst kapak retraksiyonu ve timsah gözyaşı sendromu vb. göz hastalıklarındaki yerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Botulinum toksinleri; blefarospazm; şaşılık; entropiyon A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T Botulinum toxin (BTX) is produced by Clostridium botulinum, a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, and one of the most potent toxins known in human history. Its effect is demonstrated by inhibiting the passage of acetylcholine, an effective neurotransmitter in muscle contraction, to the muscle-nerve range. BTX have been used in different areas due to their potential effects and are named by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Apart from ophthalmology, there are many areas for the usage of BTX. The effect of BTX is transient and the duration of activity is extended by repeated injections. Successful administration depends on the appropriate injection technique, well-known knowledge of the anatomical positions and properties of the muscle structures in the application site. Since its inception in 1980, BTX has been used safely. Complications are seen secondary to perform BTX at the wrong region, out of the recommended dose and wrong injection techniques. Current scientific studies have been evaluated the uses of the botulinum toxin in ophthalmology, how it is done, dosage, indications and contraindications. Applications of face region, in the ma...

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Severe botulism after focal injection of botulinum toxin

Abstract: We report a 34-year-old woman who developed clinical botulism after the cosmetic use of an unapproved botulinum toxin type A. Electrophysiologic findings demonstrated complete denervation with complete electrical silence. She had a lengthy recovery but was able to ambulate by discharge.

Cited by 64 publications

References 10 publications

Trends in Outcome and Hospitalization Charges of Adult Patients Admitted with Botulism in the United States

Trends in Outcome and Hospitalization Charges of Adult Patients Admitted with Botulism in the United States

Capsaicin Protects Mouse Neuromuscular Junctions from the Neuroparalytic Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxin A

The Uses and Application Methods of Botulinum Toxin in Ophthalmology

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