Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Christian, Michael D.; Poutanen, Susan M.; Loutfy, Mona; Muller, Matthew P.; Low, Donald E.

doi:10.1086/420743

Cited by 208 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The SARS epidemic was contained at 8098 cases with 774 deaths. In addition to the human misery caused, there were direct economic consequences for those countries most affected (Christian et al, 2004).The causative agent of SARS was identified as a new type of coronavirus, the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). SARS-CoV is an enveloped virus with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of 29 727 nt.…”

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein expressed by an adenovirus vector is phosphorylated and immunogenic in mice

Zakhartchouk

Viswanathan

Mahony

et al. 2005

Journal of General Virology

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has been identified as the aetiological agent of SARS. Thus, vaccination against SARS-CoV may represent an effective approach towards controlling SARS. The nucleocapsid (N) protein is thought to play a role in induction of cell-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV and thus it is important to characterize this protein. In the present study, an E1/partially E3-deleted, replication-defective human adenovirus 5 (Ad5) vector (Ad5-N-V) expressing the SARS-CoV N protein was constructed. The N protein, expressed in vitro by Ad5-N-V, was of the expected molecular mass of 50 kDa and was phosphorylated. Vaccination of C57BL/6 mice with Ad5-N-V generated potent SARS-CoV-specific humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses. These results show that Ad5-N-V may potentially be used as a SARS-CoV vaccine.Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is the latest in a series of emerging infectious diseases. This acute and often severe respiratory illness emerged in southern China in late 2002 and subsequently spread to other countries early in the following year. The SARS epidemic was contained at 8098 cases with 774 deaths. In addition to the human misery caused, there were direct economic consequences for those countries most affected (Christian et al., 2004).The causative agent of SARS was identified as a new type of coronavirus, the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). SARS-CoV is an enveloped virus with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of 29 727 nt. The genome is composed of a region encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a region representing four coding sequences for viral structural proteins (S, E, M and N) and several putative uncharacterized proteins (Marra et al., 2003;Rota et al., 2003).The SARS-CoV nucleocapsid (N) gene encodes a 50 kDa protein harbouring a putative nuclear localization signal (Marra et al., 2003). However, the N protein is distributed predominantly in the cytoplasm of SARS-CoV-infected and N gene-transfected cells (Chang et al., 2004). The SARS-CoV N protein is a highly charged, basic protein that can selfassociate to form dimers (He et al., 2004;Surjit et al., 2004). The three-dimensional structure of the N-terminal portion of the protein is similar to those of other RNA-binding proteins (Huang et al., 2004). The coronavirus N protein is thought to participate in the replication and transcription of viral RNA and to interfere with cell-cycle processes of host cells (Parker & Masters, 1990;Kuo & Masters, 2002;He et al., 2003). In addition, the N proteins of many coronaviruses are highly immunogenic and expressed abundantly during infection (Liu et al., 2001;Narayanan et al., 2003). Indeed, high levels of IgG antibodies against N have been found in sera from SARS patients (Leung et al., 2004).For some coronaviruses, there is evidence that the N protein can prime the protective response or, in some cases, induce protective immunity on its own (Seo et al., 1997;Liu et al., 2001). We therefore focused our studies on characterization of the N protein ...

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein expressed by an adenovirus vector is phosphorylated and immunogenic in mice

Zakhartchouk

Viswanathan

Mahony

et al. 2005

Journal of General Virology

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“…The high mortality rate of the disease and its easy transmission to health care workers characterize its clinical importance (1,10,12,13). The clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, radiologic presentations, and outcomes of SARS for patients have been well described (3,9,12). Previous reports also found that the specific antibody to SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) appears as early as 9 days after the disease onset and that a high level of antibody could last for 1 to 2 months after the onset of SARS (2,5,9).…”

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Longitudinal Analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus-Specific Antibody in SARS Patients

Chang

Wang

Huang

et al. 2005

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The serum antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus of 18 SARS patients were checked at 1 month and every 3 months after disease onset. All of them except one, who missed blood sampling at 1 month, tested positive for the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody at 1 month. Fifteen out of 17 tested positive for the IgM antibody at 1 month. The serum IgM antibody of most patients became undetectable within 6 months after the onset of SARS. The IgG antibody of all 17 patients, whose serum was checked 1 year after disease onset, remained positive.

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“…zespół chorobowy stwierdzono w Chinach w 2003 r. Kolejne przypadki SARS wystąpiły w Chinach oraz 33 innych krajach, co powoduje, że chorobę tę uznano za szczególnie ważną zoonozę. Wirus ten rozprzestrzeniając się na całym świecie, był przyczyną ponad 8000 przypadków zachorowań, w tym 700 przypadków śmiertelnych (17,55,83). SARS-CoV w większości przypadków ewoluował, a prawdopodobnie pierwotnym źródłem była populacja nietoperzy z rodziny podkowcowatych (Rhinolophidae), z gatunku podkowiec chiński (Rhinolophus sinicus) oraz inne gatunki nietoperzy uznawane za naturalny rezerwuar tych drobnoustrojów (57).…”

Section: Artykuł Przeglądowy Reviewunclassified

Free-living animals as a source of zoonotic microorganisms

Żmudzki¹

2017

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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SummaryFree-living animals mainly representing Chioptera (particularly bats), Rodentia, Aves and Carnivora are a source of a number of zoonotic pathogens responsible for significant worldwide human morbidity and mortality. The role of bats and rodents as the primary hosts of zoonotic microorganisms has been extensively characterized. The next important group represented by Paramyxoviridae, followed by Filoviridae (Marburg and Ebola viruses), as well as SARS coronavirus have been also reviewed. Avian influenza viruses are precursors of human influenza A viruses. They might be transmitted directly from free-ranging birds and poultry to humans. The importance of vectors in pathogen transmission from free-living animals to humans has been presented.

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Cited by 208 publications

References 46 publications

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein expressed by an adenovirus vector is phosphorylated and immunogenic in mice

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein expressed by an adenovirus vector is phosphorylated and immunogenic in mice

Longitudinal Analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus-Specific Antibody in SARS Patients

Free-living animals as a source of zoonotic microorganisms

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