Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA Detected in Blood Donations

Chang, Le; Zhao, Lei; Gong, Huafei; Wang, Lunan; Wang, Lan

doi:10.3201/eid2607.200839

Cited by 173 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…SARS-CoV-2 is not considered to be a relevant transfusion-transmitted infection and only 1% of symptomatic patients have been reported to have detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their blood (36,37). In Wuhan, 2430 blood donations were screened in real-time (January 25 to March 4, 2020): a single (0.04%)asymptomatic-donor was found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (38). A second (0.02%), asymptomatic, SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive donor was identified on retrospective screening of 4995 donations (December 21 to January 22, 2020), an additional two donors were identified as being RNA-emic through follow-up of donors who had developed fever subsequent to their donations.…”

Section: Potential Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

Bloch

Shoham

Casadevall

et al. 2020

Journal of Clinical Investigation

724

781

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease , has spurred a global health crisis. To date, there are no proven options for prophylaxis for those who have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, nor therapy for those who develop COVID-19. Immune (i.e. "convalescent") plasma refers to plasma that is collected from individuals, following resolution of infection and development of antibodies. Passive antibody administration through transfusion of convalescent plasma may offer the only short-term strategy to confer immediate immunity to susceptible individuals. There are numerous examples, where convalescent plasma has been used successfully as post-exposure prophylaxis and/or treatment of infectious diseases, including other outbreaks of coronaviruses (e.g. SARS-1, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome [MERS]). Convalescent plasma has also been used in the COVID-19 pandemic; limited data from China suggest clinical benefit, including radiological resolution, reduction in viral loads and improved survival. Globally, blood centers have robust infrastructure to undertake collections and construct inventories of convalescent plasma to meet the growing demand. Nonetheless, there are nuanced challenges, both regulatory and logistical, spanning donor eligibility, donor recruitment, collections and transfusion itself. Data from rigorously controlled clinical trials of convalescent plasma are also few, underscoring the need to evaluate its use objectively for a range of indications (e.g. prevention vs treatment) and patient populations (e.g. age, comorbid disease). We provide an overview of convalescent plasma, from evidence of benefit, regulatory considerations, logistical work flow and proposed clinical trials, as scale up is brought underway to mobilize this critical resource.

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Section: Potential Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

Bloch

Shoham

Casadevall

et al. 2020

Journal of Clinical Investigation

724

781

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The highest viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 have been found in the upper and lower airways, but the virus has also been identified in feces [53]. Viral RNA has even been found in the blood of both symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients, and as such, inhaled aerosol of blood may potentially transmit infection [54,55]. SARS-CoV-2 appears to be quite sensitive to temperature, being largely inactivated at temperatures above 70°C [56].…”

Section: Directmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical evidence based review and recommendations of aerosol generating medical procedures in otolaryngology – head and neck surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic

Thamboo

Lea

Sommer

et al. 2020

J of Otolaryngol - Head & Neck Surg

119

135

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Background: Aerosol generating medical procedures (AGMPs) present risks to health care workers (HCW) due to airborne transmission of pathogens. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential for HCWs to recognize which procedures are potentially aerosolizing so that appropriate infection prevention precautions can be taken. The aim of this literature review was to identify potential AGMPs in Otolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery and provide evidence-based recommendations.Methods: A literature search was performed on Medline, Embase and Cochrane Review databases up to April 3, 2020. All titles and abstracts of retrieved studies were evaluated and all studies mentioning potential AGMPs were included for formal review. Full text of included studies were assessed by two reviewers and the quality of the studies was evaluated. Ten categories of potential AGMPs were developed and recommendations were provided for each category.Results: Direct evidence indicates that CO2 laser ablation, the use of high-speed rotating devices, electrocautery and endotracheal suctioning are AGMPs. Indirect evidence indicates that tracheostomy should be considered as potential AGMPs. Nasal endoscopy and nasal packing/epistaxis management can result in droplet transmission, but it is unknown if these procedures also carry the risk of airborne transmission. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, special care should be taken when CO2 lasers, electrocautery and high-speed rotating devices are used in potentially infected tissue. Tracheal procedures like tracheostomy and endotracheal suctioning can also result in airborne transmission via small virus containing aerosols.

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“…32 In addition to urine, the virus RNA has been found in blood specimens. 33 However, blood from COVID-19 positive patients has been reported to be transfused unknowingly in seven patients, and none of the recipients developed symptoms. 34 Three of the recipients were tested 2 to 3 weeks after the donation and were found to be COVID-19 negative.…”

Section: Endoscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urologic Surgery and COVID-19: How the Pandemic Is Changing the Way We Operate

Steward

Kitley

Schmidt

et al. 2020

Journal of Endourology

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a global impact on all aspects of health care, including surgical procedures. For urologists, it has affected and will continue to influence how we approach the care of patients preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. A risk-benefit assessment of each patient undergoing surgery should be performed during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the urgency of the surgery and the risk of viral illness and transmission. Patients with advanced age and comorbidities have a higher incidence of mortality. Routine preoperative testing and symptom screening is recommended to identify those with COVID-19. Adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) for the surgical team is essential to protect health care workers and ensure an adequate workforce. For COVID-19 positive or suspected patients, the use of N95 respirators is recommended if available. The anesthesia method chosen should attempt to minimize aerosolization of the virus. Negative pressure rooms are strongly preferred for intubation/extubation and other aerosolizing procedures for COVID-19 positive patients or when COVID status is unknown. Although transmission has not yet been shown during laparoscopic and robotic procedures, efforts should be made to minimize the risk of aerosolization. Ultra-low particulate air filters are recommended for use during minimally invasive procedures to decrease the risk of viral transmission. Thorough cleaning and sterilization should be performed postoperatively with adequate time allowed for the operating room air to be cycled after procedures. COVID-19 patients should be separated from noninfected patients at all levels of care, including recovery, to decrease the risk of infection. Future directions will be guided by outcomes and infection rates as social distancing guidelines are relaxed and more surgical procedures are reintroduced. Recommendations should be adapted to the local environment and will continue to evolve as more data become available, the shortage of testing and PPE is resolved, and a vaccine and therapeutics for COVID-19 are developed.

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA Detected in Blood Donations

Cited by 173 publications

References 4 publications

Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

Clinical evidence based review and recommendations of aerosol generating medical procedures in otolaryngology – head and neck surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic

Urologic Surgery and COVID-19: How the Pandemic Is Changing the Way We Operate

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