Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Viral Load in the Upper Respiratory Tract of Children and Adults With Early Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Baggio, Stéphanie; L'Huillier, Arnaud G; Yerly, Sabine; Bellon, Mathilde; Wagner, Noémie; Rohr, Marie; Huttner, Angela; Blanchard-Rohner, Géraldine; Loevy, Natasha; Kaiser, Laurent; Jacquérioz, Frédérique; Eckerle, Isabella

doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1157

Cited by 105 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…In Switzerland, Jacot et al ( 20 ) analyzed data on 4,172 positive patients and concluded there was no statistically significant difference between 5 year age groups. Another study from Switzerland compared 352 patients older than 16 years with 53 children under 16 years old and found a similar mean viral load between the two groups ( 21 ). Similarly, a study in the United States which included 4,428 patients with positive lab results found no variation in mean and median viral load values ( 22 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Association of Viral Load in SARS-CoV-2 Patients With Age and Gender

et al. 2021

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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global public health emergency. Age and sex are two important factors associated with risks and outcomes of various diseases. COVID-19 morbidity also seems to be affected by patient age and sex. It has been found that older age groups have more severe COVID-19 symptoms and higher fatality rates while children tend to have lower prevalence and milder symptoms than adults.Methods: The study reviewed electronic medical records of COVID-19 patients from Madinah city, Saudi Arabia. The study included all cases who tested positive (n = 3,006) between March 20 and May 22, 2020. Data were obtained from the Health Electronic Surveillance Network (HESN) database.Results: Approximately 80% of the study sample were males and half were in the 30–40-year-old age group. The Ct value of the whole sample ranged from 15.08 to 35, with a mean of 27.44 (SD: 5.23; 95% C.I. = 27.25–27.66). The means of Ct values varied between age groups from 27.05 to 27.82. Analysis of the mean differences between age groups using one-way ANOVA indicated no statistically significant difference among the groups (F6,2999 = 1.63; p-value = 0.135). A comparison of mean Ct values of males (n = 2,422) and females (n = 584) revealed that males had a statistically significant higher mean Ct value (27.61 ± 5.20) than females (26.72 ± 5.31). The difference between the means of the two groups was −0.89 (95% C.I. = −1.36 to −0.42; t-test −3.71; df = 3,004; p-value < 0.001).Conclusion: The study found no statistically significant difference in viral loads between age groups. It showed that females had a higher SARS-CoV-2 viral load compared to males. The findings have implications for preventive strategies. Further studies are needed to correlate viral load with clinical symptoms and outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Association of Viral Load in SARS-CoV-2 Patients With Age and Gender

et al. 2021

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“…Such a striking difference might reflect dissimilarities across symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 load in the upper respiratory tract [ 8 , 9 ]. While it is well known that SARS-CoV-2 load peaks around the time of symptoms onset in the former group [ 10 , 11 ], the timing is uncertain in asymptomatic cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a rapid antigen test (Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag rapid test device) for SARS-CoV-2 detection in asymptomatic close contacts of COVID-19 patients

Torres

Poujois

Albert

et al. 2021

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

130

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“…For calculation of viral loads (VL) as SARS-CoV-2 genome copy numbers per mL, a standard curve was obtained PLOS ONE by using a quantified supernatant from a cell culture isolate of SARS-CoV-2. All VLs were calculated from the Ct-values, according to log10 SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies/ml = (Ct-44.5)/-3.3372 for Cobas [16,17].…”

Section: Rt-pcr Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic accuracy of two commercial SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detecting rapid tests at the point of care in community-based testing centers

et al. 2021

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Objectives Determine the diagnostic accuracy of two antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDT) for SARS-CoV-2 at the point of care and define individuals’ characteristics providing best performance. Methods We performed a prospective, single-center, point of care validation of two Ag-RDT in comparison to RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs. Results Between October 9th and 23rd, 2020, 1064 participants were enrolled. The PanbioTM Covid-19 Ag Rapid Test device (Abbott) was validated in 535 participants, with 106 positive Ag-RDT results out of 124 positive RT-PCR individuals, yielding a sensitivity of 85.5% (95% CI: 78.0–91.2). Specificity was 100.0% (95% CI: 99.1–100) in 411 RT-PCR negative individuals. The Standard Q Ag-RDT (SD Biosensor, Roche) was validated in 529 participants, with 170 positive Ag-RDT results out of 191 positive RT-PCR individuals, yielding a sensitivity of 89.0% (95%CI: 83.7–93.1). One false positive result was obtained in 338 RT-PCR negative individuals, yielding a specificity of 99.7% (95%CI: 98.4–100). For individuals presenting with fever 1–5 days post symptom onset, combined Ag-RDT sensitivity was above 95%. Lower sensitivity of 88.2% was seen on the same day of symptom development (day 0). Conclusions We provide an independent validation of two widely available commercial Ag-RDTs, both meeting WHO criteria of ≥80% sensitivity and ≥97% specificity. Although less sensitive than RT-PCR, these assays could be beneficial due to their rapid results, ease of use, and independence from existing laboratory structures. Testing criteria focusing on patients with typical symptoms in their early symptomatic period onset could further increase diagnostic value.

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Viral Load in the Upper Respiratory Tract of Children and Adults With Early Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Cited by 105 publications

References 12 publications

Association of Viral Load in SARS-CoV-2 Patients With Age and Gender

Association of Viral Load in SARS-CoV-2 Patients With Age and Gender

Evaluation of a rapid antigen test (Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag rapid test device) for SARS-CoV-2 detection in asymptomatic close contacts of COVID-19 patients

Diagnostic accuracy of two commercial SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detecting rapid tests at the point of care in community-based testing centers

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