Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): a global pandemic and treatment strategies

Sharma, Atul; Tiwari, Swapnil; Deb, Manas Kanti; Marty, Jean Louis

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106054

Cited by 546 publications

(446 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…The emergent coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a significant global crisis owing to the rapid spread and high morbidity and mortality statistics of this virus [ 1 ]. This pandemic is related to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that seems to primarily spread by inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with contaminated surfaces [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and behavioral changes with remote E-exams during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study among undergraduates of medical sciences

Elsalem

Al‐Azzam

Jum’ah

et al. 2020

Annals of Medicine and Surgery

197

161

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Background Emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) forced the worldwide higher educational institutes to adopt distance learning mode. Further, remote electronic exams (E−exams) were considered as mode of assessment. Objectives : This cross-sectional study evaluated the students' experience of remote E-exams during the COVID-19 pandemic among Medical Sciences students in Jordan. Materials and Methods: A survey of 29 questions was prepared on Google forms and distributed among students at Faculties of Medical Sciences (Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Nursing and Applied Medical Sciences) at Jordan University of Science and Technology. The questions include students' demographics, stress experience, and factors contributing to stress as well as behavioral changes related to remote E-exams. Responses were analyzed using descriptive, cross tabulation and Chi-square tests. Results: Among 1019 respondents, 32% reported more stress with remote E-exams. This was associated with academic major and gender. Among students with more stress during remote E-exams, the exam duration, mode of questions navigation and technical problems (exam platform and internet connectivity) appeared as the main factors related to stress in 78%, 76% and >60%, respectively. Other factors include concern regarding the teaching methods, exam environment and students' dishonesty. Remote E-exams had negative impact on students' dietary habits (increase consumption of caffeine and high energy drinks, high sugar food, fast food), sleep (reduction in sleeping hours, more consumption of insomnia medications), physical activity (less exercises) and smoking habits (increase). Conclusion : Results suggested a negative impact of E-exams on students within Medical Faculties. Robust exam platform and remote mock E-exams are recommended to reduce students' potential stress. A stress-free environment is very essential to encourage students to adopt remote E-exams, particularly if the pandemic will take longer. Various awareness programs about students' habits related to dietary, sleep quality, physical activity and smoking are highly valuable for students’ health benefits. This is of particular importance since the current students at Faculties of Medical Sciences are the future health care providers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and behavioral changes with remote E-exams during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study among undergraduates of medical sciences

Elsalem

Al‐Azzam

Jum’ah

et al. 2020

Annals of Medicine and Surgery

197

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The emergence of highly pathogenic coronavirus, causing a severe acute respiratory infection is rapidly spreading throughout the world (Dhama et al., 2020 ; Sharma et al., 2020 ). Unfortunately, to date, no drug or vaccine is available to inhibit the pathogenic effect of coronavirus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of novel RdRp and Nsp15 inhibitors for SARS-COV2 using computational approach

Barage

Karthic

Bavi

et al. 2020

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics

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The World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 as a global health emergency. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and highlights an urgent need for therapeutics. Here, we have employed a series of computer-aided drug repurposing campaign to discover inhibitors of RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and Nsp15/EndoU. Subsequently, MD simulation has been performed to observe dynamic behavior of identified leads at the active site of RdRp and Nsp15. We successfully identified novel lead molecule such as Alectinib for RdRp while Naldemedine and Ergotamine for NSP15. These lead molecules were accommodated in the active site of the enzyme and stabilized by the networks of the hydrogen bond, pi type and hydrophobic interaction with key residues of either target. Interestingly, identified compounds show molecular mimicry in terms of molecular interactions with key residues of RdRp and Nsp15 essential for catalysis and substrate interaction. Previously, Alectinib, Naldemedine and Ergotamine were used as drug in different diseases might be repurposed against selected protein targets of COVID19. Finally, we propose that the identified inhibitors represent a novel lead molecule to design a more effective inhibitor to stop the progress of pathogen. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

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“…These opacities possibly induced immune responses (systemic as well as localized), resulting in elevated inflammation, eventually leading to death. Various systemic symptoms such as fever, cough, sputum production, diarrhoea, lymphopenia, dyspnoea, haemoptysis, fatigue, headache and acute cardiac injury were also seen in patients [ 12 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Diagnosis and Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Current Developments and Further Opportunities in Drug Delivery and Therapeutics

et al. 2020

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SARS-CoV-2 has affected people from all age groups, races and ethnicities. Given that many infected individuals are asymptomatic, they transmit the disease to others unknowingly, which has resulted in the spread of infection at an alarming rate. This review aims to provide an overview of the pathophysiology, preventive measures to reduce the disease spread, therapies currently in use, an update on vaccine development and opportunities for vaccine delivery. The World Health Organization has advised several precautions including social distancing, hand washing and the use of PPE including gloves and face masks for minimizing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. At present, several antiviral therapies previously approved for other infections are being repositioned to study their efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. In addition, some medicines (i.e., remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine) have received emergency use authorisation from the FDA. Plasma therapy has also been authorised for emergency use for the treatment of COVID-19 on a smaller scale. However, no vaccine has been approved so far against this virus. Nevertheless, several potential vaccine targets have been reported, and development of different types of vaccines including DNA, mRNA, viral vector, inactivated, subunit and vaccine-like particles is in process. It is concluded that a suitable candidate delivered through an advanced drug delivery approach would effectively boost the immune system against this coronavirus.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): a global pandemic and treatment strategies

Cited by 546 publications

References 113 publications

Stress and behavioral changes with remote E-exams during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study among undergraduates of medical sciences

Stress and behavioral changes with remote E-exams during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study among undergraduates of medical sciences

Identification and characterization of novel RdRp and Nsp15 inhibitors for SARS-COV2 using computational approach

COVID-19: Current Developments and Further Opportunities in Drug Delivery and Therapeutics

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