Several compounds from Palyfhoa tuberculosa (Coelenterata)

Hirata, Y.; Uemura, Daisuke; Ueda, Katsuhiro; Takano, Seiichi

doi:10.1351/pac197951091875

Cited by 89 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Detection of peaks was by UV absorbance at 313 and 340 nm. Identities of peaks were confirmed by the wavelength method (ratio of peak areas detected at 313 nm/340 nm) and by CO-chromatography with standards of mycosporine-glycine, palythine and palythinol from the zoanthid Palythoa tuberculosa (Hirata et al 1979), porphyra-334 and shinorine from the red alga Porphyra tenera ('non') , Tsujino et al 1980, asterina-330 from the ocular lens of Plectropon~us leopardus (Dunlap et al 1989), and mycosporine-2 glycine from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima (W. R. Stochaj, W. C. Dunlap & J. M. Shick unpubl.). Peaks were integrated on Hewlett-Packard or SpectraPhysics integrators, and quantification of individual MAAs was corrected for extraction efficiency as described in and Dunlap et al (1989), using published molar extinction coefficients summarized by those authors and from Takano et al (1979) and Tsujino et al (1980).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…South Australia 5061. Australia isms, including dinoflagellates (Carreto et al 1990), macroalgae (Sivalingam et al 1974, Wood 1987, diverse corals, zoanthids, sea anemones and other anthozoans (Takano et al 1978, Hirata et al 1979, and an assortment of Antarctic marine organisms (Karentz et al 1991). Because MAAs consistently were found either in algae or in algal-invertebrate symbioses, and given that the pathway of their biosynthesis seems to be restricted to algae, bacteria and fungi (Yoshida 1969, Floss 1979, Favre-Bonvin et al 1987, it has been inferred that the compounds present in symbiotic coelenterates are localized in their zooxanthellae, or translocated from these algae to the host (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey of ultraviolet radiation-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids in organs of coral reef holothuroids

Shick¹,

Dunlap²,

Chalker³

et al. 1992

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

109

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Twelve deposit-feeding species of tropical holothuroid echinoderms (families Holothuriidae and Stichopodidae) were surveyed for the presence of UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) during Austral summer at Hicks Reef, Great Barrier Reef (GBR). An additional species belonging to the Synaptidae was collected in Austral winter from Shrimp Reef, GBR. Tissues of all species contained MAAs, including mycosporine-glycine, shinorine, porphyra-334, mycosporine-2 glycine, palythine, asterina-330 and palythinol. The MAAs in holothuroids occur predominantly in their epidermis, which suggests a photoprotective function, since the highest concentrations of these UVabsorbing compounds would be expected in tissues directly exposed to sunlight. Concentrations of total MAAs in dorsal epidermal tissues ranged from 21.9 nmol mg-' protein (Stichopus variegatus) to 2053 nmol mg-' protein (Pearsonothuria graeffei). Taxonomic, tissue-specific and ecological relationships in the occurrence of MAAs in tropical deposit-feeding holothuroids are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of ultraviolet radiation-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids in organs of coral reef holothuroids

Shick¹,

Dunlap²,

Chalker³

et al. 1992

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

109

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“…Palytoxin was isolated from Palythoa tuberculosa (Hirata et al, 1979). The toxin was dissolved in ethanol at 10-3M, kept at -20'C as stock solution and diluted with the Tyrode solution immediately before use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single ionic channels induced by palytoxin in guinea‐pig ventricular myocytes

Muramatsu

Nishio

Kigoshi

et al. 1988

British J Pharmacology

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1Mechanisms of palytoxin-induced ion permeability were examined in isolated single ventricular cells of guinea-pig under whole-cell-attached patch clamp conditions. 2 Palytoxin (1-2 x 10-1 M, dissolved in Tyrode solution and put in the patch electrode) induced an elementary current flowing through single channels. Direction of the current was inward and the amplitude was 0.65 + 0.03 pA (mean + s.e. mean) at the resting membrane potential. The amplitude increased linearly with membrane hyperpolarization and decreased with depolarization; the single channel conductance was 9.5 + 0.5 pS. 3 Palytoxin-induced single channel current was resistant to tetrodotoxin (5 x 10-5M) or cobalt ions (2 x 10-3M) and was observed under Ca-free conditions. However, no channel current was induced by palytoxin (10 1-10-9 M) dissolved in Na+-free, choline-Tyrode solution. 4 Palytoxin also induced single channel currents in Na+-free, NH+-, Li+-or Cs+-Tyrode solution, and the slope conductances were 16.5 + 1.6 pS, 9.2 + 0.7 pS and 11.0 + 0.7 pS, respectively.5 These results indicate that palytoxin forms a new type of ionic channel with unique ion selectivity and gating behaviour.

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“…(Moore & Scheuer, 1971; Kimura & Hashimoto, 1973;Kaul, Farmer & Cieresko, 1974;Hirata, Uemura, Ueda & Takano, 1979). The molecular structure of the toxin has not been determined fully, however, the molecular weight of the compound was estimated to be 3300 and was neither a polypeptide nor a polysaccharide (Moore, Dietrich, Hatton, Higa & Scheuer, 1975) To date, many pharmacological studies have shown the toxin to be extremely potent on cardiac muscle (Rayner, Sanders, Harris, Lin & Morton, 1975;Deguchi, Urakawa & Takamatsu, 1976;Ito, Karaki & Urakawa, 1979), vascular smooth muscle (Ito, Karaki & Urakawa, 1977), intestinal smooth muscle (Deguchi et al, 1976) and the membrane potential of skeletal muscle (Deguchi et al, 1976), heart muscle (Weidmann, 1977) and myelinated fibres (Dubois & Cohen, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE POTENT DEPOLARIZING ACTION OF PALYTOXIN ISOLATED FROM Palythoa Tubercurosa ON THE ISOLATED SPINAL CORD OF THE FROG

Kudo

Shibata

1980

British J Pharmacology

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The effects of palytoxin (PTX) isolated from Palythoa tubercurosa were tested on the isolated intra‐arterially perfused spinal cord of the frog. The resting and evoked potentials were recorded by means of a sucrose‐gap technique. PTX caused a marked depolarization of both ventral and dorsal roots. The minimum effective concentration was extremely low, approximately 10−11 m. During the depolarization the evoked ventral and dorsal root potentials were markedly reduced in amplitude. The ventral root reflex was first augmented and then decreased. The depolarization caused by PTX was markedly reduced when the preparation was perfused with NaCl ‐deficient medium. However, tetrodotoxin (10−7 m) only slightly inhibited the depolarization. In a high Ca2+ medium (3.6 mm), the time required to reach the maximum depolarization evoked by PTX was significantly prolonged. In contrast, in a low Ca2+ medium (0.9 mm), PTX caused a marked depolarization soon after application. In a Ca2+‐free, Mg2+ (9.0 mm) medium, PTX caused rhythmic oscillatory potentials in both ventral and dorsal roots. The potency of N‐acetyl PTX was one hundredth that of the parent compound. It is suggested that PTX may interfere with the stabilizing action of Ca2+ on the neuronal membrane, consequently facilitating Na+ permeability. The primary amine in the PTX molecule may be important for its pharmacological action.

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Several compounds from Palyfhoa tuberculosa (Coelenterata)

Cited by 89 publications

References 0 publications

Survey of ultraviolet radiation-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids in organs of coral reef holothuroids

Survey of ultraviolet radiation-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids in organs of coral reef holothuroids

Single ionic channels induced by palytoxin in guinea‐pig ventricular myocytes

THE POTENT DEPOLARIZING ACTION OF PALYTOXIN ISOLATED FROM Palythoa Tubercurosa ON THE ISOLATED SPINAL CORD OF THE FROG

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