Seven years of evaluation of ectoparasites and vector-borne pathogens among ring-tailed coatis in an urban park in southeastern Brazil

Estevam, Letícia Gracielle Tôrres de Miranda; Fonseca, Antônio Augusto; Silvestre, Bruna T.; Hemetrio, N.S.; Almeida, Lara Ribeiro de; Oliveira, Marco Miguel de; Silva, S.M.; Ribeiro, Múcio Flávio Barbosa; Silveira, Júlia A.G.

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100442

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…1). Previous studies on C. difficile, Vaccinia virus, and different ectoparasites and endoparasites in free-living South American coatis (Nasua nasua) have been performed in park 2 [16][17][18][19]. In park 1, currently only one study on the abundance and diversity of amphibians has been conducted [20].…”

Section: Capture Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridioides difficile and multi-drug-resistant staphylococci in free-living rodents and marsupials in parks of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

et al. 2021

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The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a serious threat to human and animal health. Recent studies have shown that synanthropic animals can act as reservoirs and disseminators of pathogens and resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococcal species and Clostridioides difficile isolated from the feces of free-living rodents and marsupials from two urban parks in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. During a 12-month period, fecal samples from 159 free-living animals, including 136 rodents and 23 marsupials, were collected from two urban parks in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Staphylococcus spp. were more likely to be isolated from rodents than marsupials (p = 0.0164). Eight different staphylococcal species were isolated from 36 (26.5%) rodents and one marsupial (4.3%). S. saprophyticus (48.6%) was the most frequently isolated species, and almost a quarter of the isolates (24.3%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, four (10.8%) of which were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Two (5.4%) strains were resistant to cefoxitin and were then classified as methicillin-resistant staphylococci, and one also tested positive for the mecA gene. C. difficile was isolated from two rodents (1.5%), and one strain was toxigenic and classified as ribotype 064. One isolate was resistant to rifampicin, but both strains were susceptible to all other antimicrobials tested, including metronidazole and vancomycin. All C. difficile isolates and all staphylococcal strains resistant to antimicrobials were recovered from the same park. The present study suggests that free-living rodents in Belo Horizonte (Brazil) are mainly colonized by S. saprophyticus and may act as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus spp. and C. difficile strains. This is the first study to evaluate the presence of staphylococci and C. difficile from free-living opossums and suggest a low fecal shedding of these organisms by these mammals.

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Section: Capture Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridioides difficile and multi-drug-resistant staphylococci in free-living rodents and marsupials in parks of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

et al. 2021

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“…The South American coati (Procyonidae: Nasua nasua; hereafter "coati") is a carnivore species well adapted to urban forest fragments in some regions of Brazil (Estevam et al, 2020;Barreto et al, 2021). To date, the only association between L. infantum and this taxon was reported by Paiz et al (2015), who showed serological evidence of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania infantum infecting the carnivore Nasua nasua from urban forest fragments in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazilian Midwest

Macedo

Barreto

Oliveira

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Leishmania infantum in South American coatis inhabiting two forest fragments in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Midwest region of Brazil, an endemic area of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis (VL).Material and methodsA total of 110 South American coatis were sampled in the conservation unit “Parque Estadual do Prosa” (PEP) and in the residential area “Vila da Base Aérea” (VBA) from March 2018 to April 2019. As a longitudinal study that include up to six recaptures of the same individual, a total of 190 capture events were obtained. Blood, bone marrow and skin samples were obtained for parasitological (axenic culture), serological (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay – ELISA and Dual-path Platform immunoassay – DPP® CVL) and molecular diagnostic assays (targeting kDNA for Leishmania spp. and L. infantum; and HSP70 followed by sequence analysis).ResultsSeropositivity for L. infantum was found in 33 individuals, six in PEP and 27 in VBA. Furthermore, L. infantum was detected by molecular analysis in 16 individuals, seven from PEP and nine from VBA. We also isolated L. infantum from bone marrow of one individual and detected a single positive skin sample in molecular assay from other individual, both from VBA.DiscussionAn overall infection rate of 36.4% (40/110) was observed, significantly higher in the VBA (49.1%) than in the PEP (21.6%), probably because VBA presents: (i) a large number of resident dogs and chickens that would be attracting sandflies; (ii) a denser population of this wild mammal species; and (iii) physical barriers and a lack of functional connectivity in the surroundings, preventing these animals to disperse out. We conclude that South American coati populations living in urban forest fragments of Campo Grande are affected by the epidemiological scenario of VL, known to involve dogs, vectors and humans. We highlight the importance of investigate the parasitism by L. infantum in this and other potential L. infantum reservoirs that inhabit urbanized regions endemic to VL.

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“…Understanding the diversity and ecology of ectoparasites in wild animals is essential for surveillance of vector-borne diseases. Some changes in natural areas that lead to the absence of predators and the high availability of food can act as factors that lead to adaptation of coatis in anthropized environments, and thus the consequent increase in population densities [32]. Mainly in urban environments, the constant contact between wildlife, domestic animals and humans constitutes risk factors for the emergence of tick-borne diseases [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies assessing the diversity of ectoparasites on coatis from Brazil have showed infestation by Amblyomma brasiliense and Amblyomma ovale in Paraná state [27]; A. ovale, Amblyomma parkeri, A. brasiliense, Amblyomma spp., Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (both Rhipicephalus from domestic animals) and Amblyomma sculptum in Mato Grosso [3]; São Paulo [28][29][30], Paraíba [31] and Minas Gerais states [28,32] and A. rotundatum in Pará state. In a study carried out in the Brazilian Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul state, coatis were found to be infested by A. sculptum, Amblyomma parvum, A. ovale, R.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Seasonal Dynamics of Ticks on Ring-Tailed Coatis Nasua nasua (Carnivora: Procyonidae) in Two Urban Areas from Midwestern Brazil

Perles

Barreto

Macedo

et al. 2022

Animals

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Understanding the diversity and ecology of ectoparasites in wild animals is essential for surveillance of vector-borne diseases. Coatis (Nasua nasua) easily adapt to anthropized areas, favoring close contact with domestic animals and humans, with the possibility of exchange of ectoparasites and pathogens. The present study aimed to identify the diversity of ticks parasitizing coatis from forest urban areas of midwestern Brazil, to evaluate the seasonal dynamics of ticks during the seasons of the year, and to assess the correlation between tick species and gender and age of the sampled coatis. For this purpose, 103 coatis were captured in two Conservation areas, both located in Campo Grande city, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Midwestern Brazil. The animals’ entire body was inspected for the presence of ectoparasites, and ticks were removed for taxonomic identification. In total, 168 captures were performed in both areas during the observational study considering the first capture and recaptures. In total, 2242 ticks were collected: 838 Amblyomma larvae, 1241 A. sculptum nymphs, and 150 A. dubitatum nymphs. Thirteen adult ticks were identified as three males and five females of A. sculptum and two males and three females of A. ovale. While a quantity of Amblyomma larvae was observed in the first months of the year (January, April and May), Amblyomma nymphs showed a higher quantity during the months of July, August, October and November. No statistical difference was observed when comparing mean intensity and prevalence of Amblyomma larvae, nymphs of A. sculptum and A. dubitatum between the two sampled areas, males vs. females and immature vs. mature animals. In conclusion, three tick species were identified parasitizing coatis from forested urban fragments in midwestern Brazil, namely A. dubitatum nymphs, A. sculptum adults and nymphs, and A. ovale adults. Coatis from anthropized areas seem to present tick species diversity lower than those from natural areas. The lack of statistical difference regarding mean intensity and prevalence of Amblyomma larvae and nymphs between males vs. females and immature vs. mature animals might have reflected the gregarious behavior of coatis, since adult males live together with females and offspring outside and inside the mating season, forming large groups of individuals.

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Seven years of evaluation of ectoparasites and vector-borne pathogens among ring-tailed coatis in an urban park in southeastern Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Clostridioides difficile and multi-drug-resistant staphylococci in free-living rodents and marsupials in parks of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Clostridioides difficile and multi-drug-resistant staphylococci in free-living rodents and marsupials in parks of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Leishmania infantum infecting the carnivore Nasua nasua from urban forest fragments in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazilian Midwest

Diversity and Seasonal Dynamics of Ticks on Ring-Tailed Coatis Nasua nasua (Carnivora: Procyonidae) in Two Urban Areas from Midwestern Brazil

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