Seven practical principles for improving patient education: Evidence-based ideas from cognition science

Pusic, Martin; Ching, Kevin; Yin, H. Shonna; Keßler, David

doi:10.1093/pch/19.3.119

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In the dual code theory there are separate "channels" to process information from different senses. Therefore, multiple senses should be used to facilitate learning, without exposing the working memory to fatigue (32). Three learning styles for adults are described; visual, auditory and kinesthetic, and the best learning is achieved when these 3 approaches are combined (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Touch on predefined areas on the forearm can be associated with specific fingers: Towards a new principle for sensory feedback in hand prostheses

Wijk¹,

Svensson²,

Antfolk³

et al. 2019

J Rehabil Med

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A drawback of currently available hand prostheses is the lack of sensory feedback. Some amputees experience a feeling of touch of the amputated hand when the residual limb is touched. This kind of referred sensation is called "phantom hand map". However, not all amputees experience "phantom hand map". Therefore, we examined whether touch on predefined areas on the forearm can be associated with specific fingers in individuals with an intact arm, using a tactile display during a 5-week training period. In conclusion, it is possible to learn to associate touch on predefined areas on the forearm with specific fingers after a structured training period, and the effect persisted after 2 weeks. These results may be of importance for the development of non-invasive sensory feedback systems in hand prostheses. Objective: Currently available hand prostheses lack sensory feedback. A "phantom hand map", a referred sensation, on the skin of the residual arm is a possible target to provide amputees with non-invasive somatotopically matched sensory feedback. However, not all amputees experience a phantom hand map. The aim of this study was to explore whether touch on predefined areas on the forearm can be associated with specific fingers. Design: A longitudinal cohort study. Subjects: A total of 31 able-bodied individuals. Methods: A "tactile display" was developed consisting of 5 servo motors, which provided the user with mechanotactile stimulus. Predefined pressure points on the volar aspect of the forearm were stimulated during a 2-week structured training period. Results: Agreement between the stimulated areas and the subjects' ability to discriminate the stimulation was high, with a distinct improvement up to the third training occasion, after which the kappa score stabilized for the rest of the period. Conclusion: It is possible to associate touch on intact skin on the forearm with specific fingers after a structured training period, and the effect persisted after 2 weeks. These results may be of importance for the development of non-invasive sensory feedback systems in hand prostheses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Touch on predefined areas on the forearm can be associated with specific fingers: Towards a new principle for sensory feedback in hand prostheses

Wijk¹,

Svensson²,

Antfolk³

et al. 2019

J Rehabil Med

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“…33 This leaves the medication bottle label as an important source of information that should be designed to be easily understood. In addition, it is well-recognized that patients often forget a large percentage of the information verbally presented to them by their health care provider; 34 the bottle label thus serves as an important piece of written information that the patient can refer to prior to administering a medication at home. 35 We tested dosing with a limited set of dosing tools, which had markings written in English, as is standard for dosing tools available in the US, but this may have been a source of confusion for Spanish-speakers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Medication Dosing Errors by Hispanic Parents: Role of Health Literacy and English Proficiency

Harris

Dreyer

Mendelsohn

et al. 2017

Academic Pediatrics

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Objective Hispanic parents in the US are disproportionately affected by low health literacy and limited English proficiency (LEP). We examined associations between health literacy, LEP, and liquid medication dosing errors in Hispanic parents. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of data from a multisite randomized controlled experiment to identify best practices for the labeling/dosing of pediatric liquid medications (SAFE Rx for Kids study); 3 urban pediatric clinics. Analyses were limited to Hispanic parents of children <8 years, with health literacy and LEP data (n=1126). Parents were randomized to 5 groups that varied by pairing of units of measurement on the label/dosing tool. Each parent measured 9 doses [3 amounts (2.5,5,7.5 mL) using 3 tools (2 syringes (0.2,0.5 mL increment), 1 cup)] in random order. Dependent variable: Dosing error=>20% dose deviation. Predictor variables: health literacy (Newest Vital Sign) [limited=0–3; adequate=4–6], LEP (speaks English less than “very well”). Results 83.1% made dosing errors (mean(SD) errors/parent=2.2(1.9)). Parents with limited health literacy and LEP had the greatest odds of making a dosing error compared to parents with adequate health literacy who were English proficient (% trials with errors/parent=28.8 vs. 12.9%; AOR=2.2[1.7–2.8]). Parents with limited health literacy who were English proficient were also more likely to make errors (% trials with errors/parent=18.8%; AOR=1.4[1.1–1.9]). Conclusion Dosing errors are common among Hispanic parents; those with both LEP and limited health literacy are at particular risk. Further study is needed to examine how the redesign of medication labels and dosing tools could reduce literacy and language-associated disparities in dosing errors.

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“…10 Evidence supports that delivery of patient information is most efficient and meaningful when it is presented in small quantities to decrease cognitive load, well timed in response to a patient's readiness to learn, and rich with the use of multimedia images. [14][15][16] Objective Despite the documented need for information among patients and families, ICU educational content is often not centrally located or organized to make it easily accessible to patients and families within an ICU. To facilitate such communication, it is important to identify a core set of information that is generally applicable to all ICU patients and families.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identifying Information Resources for Patients in the Intensive Care Unit and Their Families

Schnock

Ravindran

Fladger

et al. 2017

Critical Care Nurse

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BACKGROUND Providing information to patients in intensive care units and their families is challenging. Patients often are admitted unexpectedly and experience stress and uncertainty. One source of stress has been identified as unclear, uncoordinated, or inconsistent communication and information. Despite the need for information, no centrally located, easily accessible, standardized intensive care unit education content exists. OBJECTIVE To identify educational content for patients in the intensive care unit and their families across 4 different hospitals, develop a general content database, and organize the general content into a framework for education of patients and their families. METHODS Educational content for patients in the intensive care units of 4 participating hospitals was collected and a gap analysis was performed. RESULTS Key content format and categories were identified. Educational content was organized into an information pathway divided into 3 phases: intensive care unit arrival; understanding the intensive care unit and partnering in care; and intensive care unit transitions. The gap analysis revealed substantial variation in content format and categories. CONCLUSIONS Structuring a digital learning center using different stages of the patient’s stay in the intensive care unit and placing resources in the context of an information pathway can help coordinate education for these patients and their families, and creates a consistent communication guide for clinicians as well. The optimal digital format should be considered in designing the learning center.

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Seven practical principles for improving patient education: Evidence-based ideas from cognition science

Cited by 39 publications

References 26 publications

Touch on predefined areas on the forearm can be associated with specific fingers: Towards a new principle for sensory feedback in hand prostheses

Touch on predefined areas on the forearm can be associated with specific fingers: Towards a new principle for sensory feedback in hand prostheses

Liquid Medication Dosing Errors by Hispanic Parents: Role of Health Literacy and English Proficiency

Identifying Information Resources for Patients in the Intensive Care Unit and Their Families

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