Seven new species of sponges (Porifera) from deep-sea coral mounds at Campos Basin (SW Atlantic)

Carvalho, Mariana de Souza; Lopes, Daniela A.; Cosme, Bruno; Hajdu, Eduardo

doi:10.1186/s10152-016-0461-z

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, this dichotomy is not always met, such as in Neopetrosia carbonaria (Lamarck, 1815), Neopetrosia dominicana (Pulitzer-Finali, 1986), Neopetrosia dutchi (van Soest et al ., 2014), Neopetrosia ovata (Meesters & Becking, 2014) and Neopetrosia sigmatifera (Vicente et al ., 2019), all presenting oxeas >200 μm (see Santos et al ., 2016; Vicente et al ., 2019). Conversely, in species like Xestospongia dubia (Ristau, 1978), Xestospongia emphasis (de Laubenfels, 1954), Xestospongia mammillata (Pulitzer-Finali, 1982), Xestospongia menzeli (Little, 1963), Xestospongia tuberosa (Pulitzer-Finali, 1993) and Xestospongia vansoesti (Bakus & Nishiyama, 2000) oxeas may be <200 μm (revised in Carvalho et al ., 2016). A possible cause that might explain differences in spicule size between the members of Xestospongia and Neopetrosia is the depth at which they live, the availability of nutrients and the temperature (Valisano et al ., 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poorly known sponges in the Mediterranean with the detection of some taxonomic inconsistencies

et al. 2020

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The poorly known sponge species Axinella vellerea (Topsent, 1904), Acarnus levii (Vacelet, 1960) and Haliclona poecillastroides (Vacelet, 1969) are reported from bottom-trawl samples off the Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean. A re-description is provided for all three species and the Folmer fragment of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) obtained for A. levii and H. poecillastroides. This is the second report of A. vellerea in the Mediterranean, the first time that A. levii is reported outside Corsica and the first time that H. poecillastroides is documented outside the Gulf of Lion, France. The systematic allocation of A. levii and H. poecillastroides is discussed based on a COI phylogenetic analysis and morphology. The poorly understood phylogeny of the Haplosclerida does not permit us to find a proper allocation for H. poecillastroides, although its current position in the genus Haliclona or the family Chalinidae is not defensible. On the other hand, A. levii currently fits best in the family Microcionidae, and seems related to some Clathria species with mixed features between Clathria and Acarnus. Considering that the species of the genus Acarnus shares a strong synapomorphy (the possession of Cladotylotes), it is plausible for all Acarnus species to be Microcionids. We conclude that H. poecillastroides needs to be reallocated to a new genus: Xestospongia poecillastroides comb. nov. (Petrosiidae). However, a reallocation of A. levii is not advisable for the moment, as this would imply major systematic changes such as the reallocation of the whole genus Acarnus to Microcionidae, and the redescription of Microcionidae and Acarnidae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poorly known sponges in the Mediterranean with the detection of some taxonomic inconsistencies

et al. 2020

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“…The assemblage building the mounds vary depending on depth, temperature and trophic state. It may be dominated by bryozoans (James et al, 2004), cold water corals such as Desmophyllum pertusum (= Lophelia pertusa) and Madrepora oculata (Dorschel et al, 2007;Foubert et al, 2008), sponges (Carvalho et al, 2016;Goren et al, 2021) or a combination of corals and coralline algae (Amado-Filho et al, 2016;Dumalagan et al, 2019). In some cases, based on geochemical and morphological evidence, it was possible to hypothesize the origin of some of the deeper of these mounds to hydrocarbon seepage (Cangemi et al, 2010;Loher et al, 2018).…”

Section: Biogenic Mounds In the Mediterranean Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesophotic Depth Biogenic Accumulations (“Biogenic Mounds”) Offshore the Maltese Islands, Central Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2022

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The mesophotic domain is a poorly explored part of the oceans, notably in the Mediterranean Sea. Benthic communities in these depths are not well documented and as such are under higher risk from anthropogenic impacts. Hard substrate habitats in this depth window are not common and are a key ecotope. The Malta Plateau in the central Mediterranean, which is characterized by low sedimentation rates, offers a potentially unexplored domain for these features. Bathymetric and backscatter data offshore of the eastern coast of the island of Malta were used to identify > 1,700 small structures in mesophotic depths. These structures were verified to be biogenic mounds by dives. The mounds extend from several meters to tens of meters in diameter and occur in two main depth windows −40 to 83 meters below present sea level (mbpsl) and 83–120 mbpsl—each formed probably in a different stage during the last glacial cycle. The mounds are composed of interlocking bioconstruction by encrusting organisms and are colonized by sponges and various cold water corals (most of which are protected; e.g., Madrepora oculata). This unique and important habitat is currently under grave threat by human activity, most immediately by trawling and anchoring activity.

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“…However, because previous molecular phylogenetic studies challenge the monophyly of the Geodiidae (Cárdenas et al, 2011;Schuster et al, 2015;Kelly et al, 2019) all Astrophorina sequences were included in our analyses; one Thoosina (Alectona millari) and the deep-diverging Theneidae were used as outgroups. The Astrophorina cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) (Folmer fragment) and 28S (C1-D2) alignments from Kelly et al (2019) were retrieved and COI was sequenced for a few more species for which sterraster SEM detailed observations were available in the literature or examined in this study: Geodia pocillum (Van Soest, 2017), holotype RMNH POR 10547; Geodia garoupa (Carvalho et al, 2016), holotype MNRJ 7349; Geodia cf. curacaoensis (Van Soest et al, 2014), HBOI 14-XI-02-1-003 (Bahamas, 439 m), id by PC; Geodia nodastrella (Carter, 1876), field# BANGAL 0710-041DR06110810, id by PC (Galicia Bank, 920 m); Geodia japonica (Sollas, 1888), field#AB15-0035 (Eastern Gulf of Alaska, United States, 89 m), id by Lehnert and Stone (2016); Pachymatisma nodosa (Sim-Smith and Kelly, 2015), holotype NIWA 53817; Caminella prima (Sim-Smith and Kelly, 2015), holotype NIWA 51723; Geodia margarita (Sim-Smith and Kelly, 2015), holotype NIWA 71189; Penares euastrum (Schmidt, 1868), previously called Erylus euastrum, PC631 (Capo Rizutto, Italy, 150 m); Caminus carmabi (Van Soest et al, 2014), HBOI 11-V-00-1-007 (Curacao, 282 m), id by PC; Caminus sp., NTM Z005203, PorToL project, id by PC (Darwin, North Australia, 6 m).…”

Section: Molecular Phylogenetic Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Microornamentation of Demosponge Sterraster Spicules, Phylogenetic and Paleontological Implications

Cárdenas

2020

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Siliceous spicules in demosponges exist in a variety of shapes, some of which look like minute spheres of glass. They are called “sterrasters” when they belong to the Geodiidae family (Tetractinellida order) and “selenasters” when they belong to the Placospongiidae family (Clionaida order). Today, the Geodiidae represent a highly diverse sponge family with more than 340 species, occurring in shallow to deep waters worldwide, except for the Antarctic. The molecular phylogeny of Geodiidae is currently difficult to interpret because we are lacking morphological characters to support most of its clades. To fill this knowledge gap, the surface microornamentations of sterrasters were compared in different genera. Observations with scanning electron microscopy revealed four types of surfaces, which remarkably matched some of the Geodiidae genera: type I characteristic of Geodia, type II characteristic of Pachymatisma, Caminus, and some Erylus; type III characteristic of other Erylus; type IV characteristic of Caminella. Two subtypes were identified in Geodia species: warty vs. smooth rosettes. These different microornamentations were mapped on new Geodiidae COI (Folmer fragment) and 28S (C1–D2) phylogenetic trees. The monophyly of the Geodiidae was once again challenged, thereby suggesting that sterrasters have evolved independently at least three times: in the Geodiinae, in the Erylinae and in Caminella. Surface microornamentations were used to review the fossil record of sterrasters and selenasters through the paleontology literature and examination of fossils. It was concluded that “rhaxes” in the literature may represent mixes of sterrasters and selenasters: while Rhaxella spicules may belong to the Placospongiidae, Rhaxelloides spicules belong to the Geodiidae. The putative Geodiidae fossil genera, Geoditesia, and Geodiopsis, are reallocated to Tetractinellida incertae sedis. Isolated Miocene-Pliocene fossil sterrasters Hataina (Huang, 1967), Silicosphaera (Hughes, 1985) and Conciliaspongia (Robinson and Haslett, 1995) become junior synonyms of Geodia (Lamarck, 1815). Overall, the fossil record suggested that Geodiidae was present at least since the Middle Jurassic (163–166 Mya), while Geodia sterrasters were present since the Santonian/Campanian boundary, Late Cretaceous (83.6 Mya).ZooBank Article Registrationurn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91B1B3AC-8862-4751-B272-8A3BDF4DEE77.

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Seven new species of sponges (Porifera) from deep-sea coral mounds at Campos Basin (SW Atlantic)

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Poorly known sponges in the Mediterranean with the detection of some taxonomic inconsistencies

Poorly known sponges in the Mediterranean with the detection of some taxonomic inconsistencies

Mesophotic Depth Biogenic Accumulations (“Biogenic Mounds”) Offshore the Maltese Islands, Central Mediterranean Sea

Surface Microornamentation of Demosponge Sterraster Spicules, Phylogenetic and Paleontological Implications

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