Seven Hints That Early-Time New Physics Alone Is Not Sufficient to Solve the Hubble Tension

Vagnozzi, Sunny

doi:10.3390/universe9090393

Cited by 92 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 665 publications

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“…While the analysis was conducted with the relatively small collection of SH0ES, it suggests that the distance indicators might respond to the rotational velocity of the observed objects compared with the rotational velocity of the Milky Way. This explanation agrees with the contention that explaining the H 0 tension might require new physics, which is not necessarily limited to physics that applies to the early Universe alone [123].…”

Section: Possible Explanations and Future Experimentssupporting

confidence: 88%

A Simple Direct Empirical Observation of Systematic Bias of the Redshift as a Distance Indicator

Shamir

2024

Universe

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Recent puzzling observations, such as the H0 tension, large-scale anisotropies, and massive disk galaxies at high redshifts, have been challenging the standard cosmological model. While one possible explanation is that the standard model is incomplete, other theories are based on the contention that the redshift model as a distance indicator might be biased. These theories can explain the recent observations, but they are challenged by the absence of a direct empirical reproducible observation that the redshift model can indeed be inconsistent. Here, I describe a simple experiment that shows that the spectra of galaxies depend on their rotational velocity relative to the rotational velocity of the Milky Way. Moreover, it shows that the redshift of galaxies that rotate in the opposite direction relative to the Milky Way is significantly smaller compared with the redshift of galaxies that rotate in the same direction relative to the Milky Way (p < 0.006). Three different datasets were used independently, each one was prepared in a different manner, and all of them showed similar redshift bias. A fourth dataset of galaxies from the Southern Galactic pole was also analyzed and shows similar results. All four datasets are publicly available. While a maximum average z difference of ∼0.012 observed with galaxies of relatively low redshift (z < 0.25) is not extreme, the bias is consistent and canpotentially lead to explanations to puzzling observations such as the H0 tension.

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Section: Possible Explanations and Future Experimentssupporting

confidence: 88%

A Simple Direct Empirical Observation of Systematic Bias of the Redshift as a Distance Indicator

Shamir

2024

Universe

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“…Whilst our results suggest that Laniakea's gravitational backreaction cannot provide a resolution to the current cosmological tensions, its understanding is crucial to assess whether the interplay between different mechanisms can satisfactorily handle the problem, as suggested recently in ref. [100], and to understand the variations observed in the determination of the Hubble constant from different sampling of sources at low and high redshifts, see for example refs. [101][102][103].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An effective description of Laniakea: impact on cosmology and the local determination of the Hubble constant

Giani,

Howlett,

Said

et al. 2024

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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We propose an effective model to describe the bias induced on cosmological observables by Laniakea, the gravitational supercluster hosting the Milky Way, which was defined using peculiar velocity data from Cosmicflows-4 (CF4). The structure is well described by an ellipsoidal shape exhibiting triaxial expansion, reasonably approximated by a constant expansion rate along the principal axes. Our best fits suggest that the ellipsoid, after subtracting the background expansion, contracts along the two smaller axes and expands along the longest one, predicting an average expansion of ∼ -1.1 km/s/Mpc. The different expansion rates within the region, relative to the mean cosmological expansion, induce line-of-sight-dependent corrections in the computation of luminosity distances. We apply these corrections to two low-redshift datasets: the Pantheon+ catalog of type Ia Supernovae (SN Ia), and 63 measurements of Surface Brightness Fluctuations (SBF) of early-type massive galaxies from the MASSIVE survey. We find corrections on the distances of order ∼ 2-3%, resulting in a shift in the inferred best-fit values of the Hubble constant H 0 of order ΔH 0 SN Ia ≈ 0.5 km/s/Mpc and ΔH 0 SBF ≈ 1.1 km/s/Mpc, seemingly worsening the Hubble tension.

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“…It should be noted that the full resolution of the Hubble tension would require going beyond providing new degrees of freedom and would involve a fit to all of the CMB data that are consistent with all cosmological and particle physics constraints. For some recent related work on the Hubble tension, see [63][64][65][66][67][68].…”

Section: Hidden Sectors Intertwine Particle Physics and Cosmologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Physics and Cosmology Intertwined

Nath

2024

Entropy

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While the standard model accurately describes data at the electroweak scale without the inclusion of gravity, beyond the standard model, physics is increasingly intertwined with gravitational phenomena and cosmology. Thus, the gravity-mediated breaking of supersymmetry in supergravity models leads to sparticle masses, which are gravitational in origin, observable at TeV scales and testable at the LHC, and supergravity also provides a candidate for dark matter, a possible framework for inflationary models and for models of dark energy. Further, extended supergravity models and string and D-brane models contain hidden sectors, some of which may be feebly coupled to the visible sector, resulting in heat exchange between the visible and hidden sectors. Because of the couplings between the sectors, both particle physics and cosmology are affected. The above implies that particle physics and cosmology are intrinsically intertwined in the resolution of essentially all of the cosmological phenomena, such as dark matter and dark energy, and in the resolution of cosmological puzzles, such as the Hubble tension and the EDGES anomaly. Here, we give a brief overview of the intertwining and its implications for the discovery of sparticles, as well as the resolution of cosmological anomalies and the identification of dark matter and dark energy as major challenges for the coming decades.

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Seven Hints That Early-Time New Physics Alone Is Not Sufficient to Solve the Hubble Tension

Cited by 92 publications

References 665 publications

A Simple Direct Empirical Observation of Systematic Bias of the Redshift as a Distance Indicator

A Simple Direct Empirical Observation of Systematic Bias of the Redshift as a Distance Indicator

An effective description of Laniakea: impact on cosmology and the local determination of the Hubble constant

Particle Physics and Cosmology Intertwined

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