The social position of bisexual men in Lebanon and in other Arab Middle Eastern societies is complex -on the one hand, bisexuality as a practice is silently tolerated but, on the other hand, bisexuality as an identity is rejected as a cultural anomaly. In this chapter, the interface of religion and bisexuality and its implications for mental and sexual health are explored.First, theoretical issues concerning bisexuality as an orientation or identity are outlined, and social representations theory and identity process theory from social psychology are suggested as useful frameworks for understanding identity among bisexual men in Lebanon.Second, the social, theological and psychological aspects of bisexuality and religion in Arab Middle Eastern societies are presented. Third, the chapter provides an overview of key religious, cultural and political aspects of Lebanese society and its stance on sexuality issues. These sections contextualize identity construction and maintenance among bisexual men in Lebanon. Fourth, drawing on social representations theory and identity process theory, identity and wellbeing issues are discussed in relation to bisexual men in Lebanon. In the absence of previous empirical research into bisexual men in Lebanon, some tentative hypotheses are offered in relation to this population.understanding identity among bisexual men in Lebanon. Second, the social, theological and psychological aspects of bisexuality and religion in Arab Middle Eastern societies are presented. Third, the chapter provides an overview of key religious, cultural and political aspects of Lebanese society, its stance on LGB rights, and cultural, religious and sexuality issues. These sections contextualize identity construction and maintenance among bisexual men in Lebanon. Fourth, drawing on social representations theory and identity process theory, identity and wellbeing issues are discussed in relation to bisexual men in Lebanon.There is a particular focus on mental health and sexual health issues, in view of the small body of research into gay and bisexual men in Lebanon which has focused largely on the sexual health inequalities they face compared to heterosexual people. Some tentative hypotheses are offered in relation to bisexual men in Lebanon.
The social psychology of representation, identity and actionThis section focuses on research into the social psychological aspects of bisexuality and its social representations in distinct societal contexts, and the distinction between sexual orientation and sexual identity. Social representations theory and identity process theory from social psychology, and their relevance to exploring bisexuality in Lebanon are outlined.
Bisexuality: orientation vs. identityAlthough the focus of this chapter is on the social psychological aspects of religion and bisexuality in Lebanon, it is worthwhile to describe briefly research into the definition and prevalence of male bisexual orientation. Some of this research has made its transition into public consciousness in the form of social...