Seven-element ground skirt monopole ESPAR antenna design from a genetic algorithm and the finite element method

Abstract

The design of an optimized Electronically Steerable Passive Array Radiator (ESPAR) antenna is presented. A genetic algorithm using a finite element based cost function optimized the antenna's structure and loading conditions for maximal main lobe gain in a single azimuth direction. Simulated gain results of 7.3 dBi at 2.4 GHz were attained along the antenna's elemental axis. The optimized antenna was fabricated and tested with the corresponding experimental gain better than 8 dBi. The 0.7 dB error between simulated and measured gain was constant for numerous structures and therefore did not affect the optimization. The optimized antenna reduced average main lobe elevation by 15.3 to just 9.7 above the horizontal.

OFDM Transmission Method Based on the Beam-Space MIMO System

“…이 안테나는 단일 RF 단에 연결된 능동 안테나 소자와 가변 캐패시터가 연결된 다수의 기생 안테나 소자로 구성 되어 있다. ESPAR 안테나는 다 수의 기생 안테나 소자에 달린 가변 캐패시터를 사용 하여 빔을 형성 할 수 있다 [7] . 빔 공간 MIMO 전송 기 법은 ESPAR 안테나의 기저 패턴에 데이터를 맵핑시 켜 전송함으로써 다중화 이득을 얻을 수 있다 [8] .…”

Design of a Printable, Compact Parasitic Array With Dual Notches

“…Typically, the main radiation of a parasitic array antenna occurs in one fixed direction that is toward to the director's direction as shown in [3][4][5]. In [7][8][9], the methods to switch the radiation pattern of parasitic array antennas using varactor diodes or p-i-n diodes were also introduced.…”

A Switched-Beam Antenna Using Circumferential-Slots on a Concentric Sectoral Cylindrical Cavity Excited by Coupling Slots

“…The use of switchedbeam antennas is one of the effective ways for reducing the multipath interference, which leads to higher data transmission rate [1][2][3][4][5]. Many researches on switched-beam antennas can be found in literatures [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. A flat four-beam array antenna was proposed in [6,7].…”

“…Some switched-beam antennas using switched parasitic array antenna have been studied extensively recently [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Such an electronically steerable passive array radiator (ESPAR) antenna was designed and developed [10,11]. The antennas consist of one active and a number of passive radiators that are suitable for beam steering and null steering applications.…”