Seven-Day Caloric and Saturated Fat Restriction Increases Myocardial Dietary Fatty Acid Partitioning in Impaired Glucose-Tolerant Subjects

Abstract

Subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have increased myocardial partitioning of dietary fatty acids (DFAs) with left ventricular dysfunction, both of which are improved by modest weight loss over 1 year induced by lifestyle changes. Here, we determined the effects of a 7-day hypocaloric diet (2500 kcal/day) low in saturated fat (<7% of energy) (LOWCAL study) versus isocaloric with the usual amount saturated fat (∼10% of energy) diet (ISOCAL) on DFA metabolism in subjects with IGT. Organ-specific DFA partitioning and cardiac and hepatic DFA fractional uptake rates were measured in 15 IGT subjects (7 males/8 females) using the oral 14(R,S)-[18 F]-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid positron emission tomography method after 7 days of an ISOCAL diet versus a LOWCAL diet using a randomized crossover design. The LOWCAL diet led to reductions in weight and postprandial insulin area under the curve. Myocardial DFA partitioning over 6 h was increased after the LOWCAL diet (2.3 6 0.1 vs. 1.9 6 0.2 mean standard uptake value, P < 0.04). However, the early (90-120 min) myocardial DFA fractional uptake was unchanged after the LOWCAL diet (0.055 6 0.025 vs. 0.046 6 0.009 min 21, P = 0.7). Liver DFA partitioning was unchanged, but liver fractional uptake of DFA tended to be increased. Very short-term caloric and saturated fat dietary restrictions do not lead to the same changes in organ-specific DFA metabolism as those associated with weight loss in subjects with IGT.

Dietary fatty acid metabolism of brown adipose tissue in cold-acclimated men

“…The present results support the notion that cold exposure stimulates DFA uptake by BAT. At room temperature, we have never previously seen significantly higher uptake of DFA in supraclavicular fat areas compared with neck muscles and other adipose tissue depots (unpublished observations from refs 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ). When compared with lean healthy men ingesting the same liquid meal at room temperature that we previously reported 27 , uptake of DFA by the myocardium, liver and scWAT appears to be lower during cold exposure.…”

“… 50 ); and (6) an average BAT mass of 100 g in lean healthy men 51 , which increases by 45% following cold acclimation 10 19 20 , and a tissue density of 0.9196, g ml −1 . Liver volume was determined by drawing the liver surface on each 5 mm slice of the whole-body CT scan (16 mAs) at time 300 min and reconstructed in 3D volume using OsiriX Lite 8.0.1 software (Pixmeo SARL, Bernex, Switzerland) 31 . After a segmental CT (40 mAs), an intravenous bolus of [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 FDG) (∼185 MBq) was given at time 240 min followed by a 30- min list-mode dynamic PET acquisition (12 × 10 s, 8 × 30 s, 6 × 90 s and 4 × 300 s) centred at the cervicothoracic junction to determine tissue-specific glucose uptake using Patlak linearization method 44 , with the image-derived arterial input function taken from the aortic arch 45 .…”

Fatty Acid Metabolic Remodeling During Type 2 Diabetes Remission After Bariatric Surgery

“…NEFAs were isolated from plasma using Oasis solid-phase extraction columns. Tritium activity in the NEFA fraction was quantified by liquid scintillation (25). Long-chain ACs and medium-chain ACs (MCACs) were quantified using a liquid chromatograph coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (Quattro micro; Waters).…”

Nutritional Strategies in Prediabetes: A Scoping Review of Recent Evidence

“…Six studies [ 62 , 67 , 71 , 99 , 102 , 109 ] reported low calorie interventions in people with prediabetes, achieved either through restrictions on all food classes or manipulation of a specific food group. Four studies reported low-calorie dietary interventions that were achieved through restrictions on the daily intake of all food classes, with intervention durations lasting from eight weeks to 12 months [ 62 , 67 , 102 , 109 ].…”

“…A hypocaloric diet was combined with manipulation in fat intake in two studies [ 71 , 99 ]. These interventions resulted in weight reduction and lower insulin resistance, even in interventions as short as seven weeks [ 71 , 99 ].…”