Setchenow coefficients for naphthols by distribution method

Almeida, Miguel; Alvarez, Anna-Maria; Miguel, E.G. San; Hoyo, E. Soria Del

doi:10.1139/v83-043

Cited by 21 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…This is known as the salt effect and can 37 be described by the Setschenow equation partitioning, and eventually compare the effect of individual ions indirectly. Endo et al 4 and 49…”

Section: Introduction 27mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To the best of our knowledge, the salt effect for salt mixtures has only been reported 60 for naphthalene at moderate ionic strengths in binary mixtures of NaCl with MgCl 2 , Na 2 SO 4 , 61 CaCl 2 , KBr and CsBr, 14 for fluorene and thiophene in Na-Ca brines 15 and for glyoxal in 62 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 NO 3 mixtures. 10 With respect to whether the effect of multiple salts in a 63 mixed solution is additive, contradictory results have been found.…”

Section: Introduction 27mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…6-53 10 In particular, the empirical database is too small to derive information on the relative salt 54 effect of individual ions for a larger set of compounds. Furthermore, except for the group 55 contribution methods based on UNIFAC 11,12 and AIOMFAC 13 which predict activity coefficients 56 of chemical species in inorganic-organic mixtures, no models have been developed specifically 57 for the prediction of the effect for salts other than NaCl and (NH) 2 SO 4 . 58…”

Section: Introduction 27mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Clearly, the literature 70 on this issue is inconsistent and no general conclusion can be drawn from the small number of 71 studies that vary in terms of scope, quality and the treatment of uncertainty. Findings are 72 4 generally qualified or their validity is limited to the specific salts and organic compounds being 73 studied. 74…”

Section: Introduction 27mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We measured K S in solutions of Na 2 SO 4 , NH 4 Cl, and NH 4 NO 3 for the same group of 38 89 compounds with diverse functional groups as studied for NaCl by Endo et al 4 and for (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 90 by Wang et al 5 (Table 1). Salt effects in binary salt mixtures of 1:1 mole of NaCl and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 91…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Sodium Sulfate, Ammonium Chloride, Ammonium Nitrate, and Salt Mixtures on Aqueous Phase Partitioning of Organic Compounds

Wang

Lei

Wania

2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Always cite the published version, so the author(s) will receive recognition through services that track citation counts, e.g. Scopus. If you need to cite the page number of the author manuscript from TSpace because you cannot access the published version, then cite the TSpace version in addition to the published version using the permanent URI (handle) found on the record page.This article was made openly accessible by U of T Faculty. Please tell us how this access benefits you. Your story matters. phase. This influence is especially significant in atmospheric aerosol, which usually contains 14 large amount of ions, including sodium, ammonium, chloride, sulfate and nitrate. However, 15 empirical data on this salt effect are very sparse. Here, the partitioning of numerous organic 16 compounds into solutions of Na 2 SO 4 , NH 4 Cl and NH 4 NO 3 was measured and compared with 17 existing data for NaCl and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . Salt mixtures were also tested in order to establish 18 whether the salt effect is additive. In general the salt effect showed a decreasing trend of Na 2 SO 4 19 > (NH) 2 SO 4 > NaCl > NH 4 Cl > NH 4 NO 3 for the studied organic compounds, implying the 20 following relative strength of the salt effect of individual anions: SO 4 2-> Cl -> NO 3 -and cations: 21 Na + > NH 4 + . The salt effect of different salts is moderately correlated. Predictive models for the 22 salt effect have been developed based on the experimental data. The experimental data indicate 23 that the salt effect of mixtures may not be entirely additive. However, the deviation from 24 additivity, if it exists, is small. Data of very high quality are required to establish whether the 25 effect of constituent ions or salts is additive or not. 26

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“…This is known as the salt effect and can 37 be described by the Setschenow equation partitioning, and eventually compare the effect of individual ions indirectly. Endo et al 4 and 49…”

Section: Introduction 27mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introduction 27mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introduction 27mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction 27mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect of Sodium Sulfate, Ammonium Chloride, Ammonium Nitrate, and Salt Mixtures on Aqueous Phase Partitioning of Organic Compounds

Wang

Lei

Wania

2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Recent advances in understanding secondary organic aerosol: Implications for global climate forcing

Shrivastava

Cappa

Fan

et al. 2017

Reviews of Geophysics

695

668

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Anthropogenic emissions and land use changes have modified atmospheric aerosol concentrations and size distributions over time. Understanding preindustrial conditions and changes in organic aerosol due to anthropogenic activities is important because these features (1) influence estimates of aerosol radiative forcing and (2) can confound estimates of the historical response of climate to increases in greenhouse gases. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA), formed in the atmosphere by oxidation of organic gases, represents a major fraction of global submicron‐sized atmospheric organic aerosol. Over the past decade, significant advances in understanding SOA properties and formation mechanisms have occurred through measurements, yet current climate models typically do not comprehensively include all important processes. This review summarizes some of the important developments during the past decade in understanding SOA formation. We highlight the importance of some processes that influence the growth of SOA particles to sizes relevant for clouds and radiative forcing, including formation of extremely low volatility organics in the gas phase, acid‐catalyzed multiphase chemistry of isoprene epoxydiols, particle‐phase oligomerization, and physical properties such as volatility and viscosity. Several SOA processes highlighted in this review are complex and interdependent and have nonlinear effects on the properties, formation, and evolution of SOA. Current global models neglect this complexity and nonlinearity and thus are less likely to accurately predict the climate forcing of SOA and project future climate sensitivity to greenhouse gases. Efforts are also needed to rank the most influential processes and nonlinear process‐related interactions, so that these processes can be accurately represented in atmospheric chemistry‐climate models.

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