Sessional work-rate does not affect the magnitude to which simulated hypoxia can augment acute physiological responses during resistance exercise

Walden, Thomas P.; Girard, Olivier; Jonson, Andrew M.; Dempsey, Alasdair R.; Marston, Kieran J.; Scott, Brendan R.

doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04440-3

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This finding may not only be due to the morphological and neuromuscular differences between the lower (squat) and upper (bench press) extremities [ 18 ]; it may be due to the prolonged exposure to total hypoxia due to the bench press test being performed after the squat test. Contrary to our argument, Walden et al [ 45 ] reported that various exposure durations (20 min vs. 30 min) to hypoxia (F i O 2 = 13%) had no influence on the bench press and shoulder press endurance. More research is required in this topic to make confirm our speculation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Our RPE and lactate outcomes are in support of others [ 4 , 18 , 24 , 45 ]. In support, RPE and blood lactate were higher in high hypoxia (F i O 2 = 13%) than in moderate hypoxia (F i O 2 = 16%) and normoxia [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Lastly, apparent differences between sexes in terms of hormonal status and lean body mass might alter the results for the resistance exercise performance during hypoxia. For this reason, it is difficult to generalize the recommendations from hypoxia studies, all of which were conducted on men [ 4 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 38 , 45 ]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the effects of hypoxia during resistance exercise in females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Acute Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia on Strength, Muscular Endurance and Cognitive Function: Influence of Dose and Sex

Karayiğit

Eser

Şahin

et al. 2022

Biology

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The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of different levels of hypoxia on maximal strength, muscular endurance, and cognitive function in males and females. In total, 13 males (mean ± SD: age, 23.6 ± 2.8 years; height, 176.6 ± 3.9 cm; body mass, 76.6 ± 2.1 kg) and 13 females (mean ± SD: age, 22.8 ± 1.4 years; height, 166.4 ± 1.9 cm; body mass, 61.6 ± 3.4 kg) volunteered for a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Participants completed a one repetition strength and muscular endurance test (60% of one repetition maximum to failure) for squat and bench press following four conditions; (i) normoxia (900 m altitude; FiO2: 21%); (ii) low dose hypoxia (2000 m altitude; FiO2: 16%); (iii) moderate dose hypoxia (3000 m altitude; FiO2: 14%); and (iv) high dose hypoxia (4000 m altitude; FiO2: 12%). Heart rate, blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion, and cognitive function was also determined during each condition. The one repetition maximum squat (p = 0.33) and bench press (p = 0.68) did not differ between conditions or sexes. Furthermore, squat endurance did not differ between conditions (p = 0.34). There was a significant decrease in bench press endurance following moderate (p = 0.02; p = 0.04) and high (p = 0.01; p = 0.01) doses of hypoxia in both males and females compared to normoxia and low dose hypoxia, respectively. Cognitive function, ratings of perceived exertion, and lactate were also significantly different in high and moderate dose hypoxia conditions compared to normoxia (p < 0.05). Heart rate was not different between the conditions (p = 0.30). In conclusion, high and moderate doses of acute normobaric hypoxia decrease upper body muscular endurance and cognitive performance regardless of sex; however, lower body muscular endurance and maximal strength are not altered.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Acute Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia on Strength, Muscular Endurance and Cognitive Function: Influence of Dose and Sex

Karayiğit

Eser

Şahin

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…To our knowledge, there currently are no data in the literature on the impact of the type of hypoxia (terrestrial vs simulated) on muscle oxygenation. Compared to normoxia, severe NH (FiO 2 = 13%) reduces muscle oxygenation from the vastus lateralis when performing the leg press (5x10 rep; 70% 1RM; 60 s rest) ( Kon et al, 2010 ) and from the triceps brachii after performing shoulder press and bench press (3–6 × 10 rep; ∼75% 1RM; 60 s rest) ( Walden et al, 2020 ). Contrarily, similar mean relative values from the vastus lateralis oxygenation between moderate NH (FiO 2 = 15–16%) and N have been observed in other studies ( Scott et al, 2017 ; Lockhart et al, 2020 ) after 3–5 sets × 10 repetitions (60–70% 1RM; 60 to 180 s rest) of lower-limb exercises (leg press, back squat or deadlift).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the oxygen release in active muscles is favored by a rightward shift of the oxyhemoglobin curve (Bohr Effect) during exercise in H ( Gerbino, Ward & Whipp, 1996 ), which can also enhance the reoxygenation of muscle tissue at HH due to the large reduction in pH after exercise ( Richard & Koehle, 2012 ). Research suggests 15–16% of FiO 2 as the minimum threshold for inducing changes in the muscle oxygenation ( Lockhart et al, 2020 ; Walden et al, 2020 ). Our results in NH do not support this hypothesis, although future studies are necessary to clarify the influence of the severity, type and time of exposure to hypoxia on muscle oxygenation in a similar R T session configuration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-set rest configuration effect on acute physiological and performance-related responses to a resistance training session in terrestrial vs simulated hypoxia

Benavente

Feriche

Olcina

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Background Metabolic stress is considered a key factor in the activation of hypertrophy mechanisms which seems to be potentiated under hypoxic conditions.This study aimed to analyze the combined effect of the type of acute hypoxia (terrestrial vs simulated) and of the inter-set rest configuration (60 vs 120 s) during a hypertrophic resistance training (RT) session on physiological, perceptual and muscle performance markers. Methods Sixteen active men were randomized into two groups based on the type of hypoxia (hypobaric hypoxia, HH: 2,320 m asl; vs normobaric hypoxia, NH: FiO2 of 15.9%). Each participant completed in a randomly counterbalanced order the same RT session in four separated occasions: two under normoxia and two under the corresponding hypoxia condition at each prescribed inter-set rest period. Volume-load (load × set × repetition) was calculated for each training session. Muscle oxygenation (SmO2) of the vastus lateralis was quantified during the back squat exercise. Heart rate (HR) was monitored during training and over the ensuing 30-min post-exercise period. Maximal blood lactate concentration (maxLac) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were determined after the exercise and at the end of the recovery period. Results Volume-load achieved was similar in all environmental conditions and inter-set rest period length did not appreciably affect it. Shorter inter-set rest periods displayed moderate increases in maxLac, HR and RPE responses in all conditions. Compared to HH, NH showed a moderate reduction in the inter-set rest-HR (ES > 0.80), maxLac (ES > 1.01) and SmO2 (ES > 0.79) at both rest intervals. Conclusions Results suggest that the reduction in inter-set rest intervals from 120 s to 60 s provide a more potent perceptual, cardiovascular and metabolic stimulus in all environmental conditions, which could maximize hypertrophic adaptations in longer periods of training. The abrupt exposure to a reduced FiO2 at NH seems to reduce the inter-set recovery capacity during a traditional hypertrophy RT session, at least during a single acute exposition. These results cannot be extrapolated to longer training periods.

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Hypoxia Does Not Impair Resistance Exercise Performance or Amplify Post-Exercise Fatigue

Jonson

Girard

Walden

et al. 2023

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport

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Sessional work-rate does not affect the magnitude to which simulated hypoxia can augment acute physiological responses during resistance exercise

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

The Acute Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia on Strength, Muscular Endurance and Cognitive Function: Influence of Dose and Sex

The Acute Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia on Strength, Muscular Endurance and Cognitive Function: Influence of Dose and Sex

Inter-set rest configuration effect on acute physiological and performance-related responses to a resistance training session in terrestrial vs simulated hypoxia

Hypoxia Does Not Impair Resistance Exercise Performance or Amplify Post-Exercise Fatigue

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