Sesquiterpenes from Acorus calamus L.

Yamamura, Shosuke; Iguchi, Masanobu; Nishiyama, Atsuko; Niwa, Masayuki; Koyama, H.; Hiratå, Yoshimasa

doi:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)91707-7

Cited by 45 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Secondary infection by bacteria may also occur, with formation of pustules, crusts and suppuration. Several sesquiterpenes (Iguchi et al, 1969;Yamamura et al, 1971;Niwa et al, 1975;Nawamaki & Kuroyanagi, 1996) and various fatty acids and sugars (Asif et al, 1984) have also been found in the plant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ethnopharmacological Study from Kulu District, Himachal Pradesh, India: Traditional Knowledge Compared with Modern Biological Science

Natarajan

Paulsen

Korneliussen

2000

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ethnopharmacological Study from Kulu District, Himachal Pradesh, India: Traditional Knowledge Compared with Modern Biological Science

Natarajan

Paulsen

Korneliussen

2000

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…The main constituents of A. calamus are monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, phenylpropanoids, flavanoids, quinine [10,11], and volatile compounds such as a-and b-asarone [12]. It has been reported that a-asarone and b-asarone that are essential oils possess anti-hypercholesterolemia and antioxidative activity, respectively [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Rats: Influence of Acorus calamus Linn.

et al. 2011

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Acorus calamus has been used as a traditional remedy since ancient days but its cardioprotective effect is not yet well characterized. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of A. calamus rhizome extract in isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. Male Wistar rats were treated with normal saline (0.5 ml/kg, i.p.), isoproterenol (5 mg/kg, i.p.), A. calamus (100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively, by gavage) alone, amlodipine (9.0 mg/kg, by gavage) alone, A. calamus (100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively) + isoproterenol and amlodipine (9.0 mg/kg) + isoproterenol, single dose/day for 30 days, respectively. Isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy was characterized by a significant (P < 0.001) increase in heart weigh/body weight ratio, calcineurin, nitric oxide, lactate dehydrogenase, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels as well as a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase levels. Treatment with A. calamus significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) attenuated isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy. No significant alteration was found in A. calamus-alone groups compared with the vehicle. Amlodipine is used as standard drug in this study. Thus, the result shows that A. calamus attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy. This could be due to attenuating calcineurin activity and oxidative stress.

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“…The potency of 4 was lower, which could be due to the high conformational flexibility of the germacrane-type scaffold. (−)-Isoshyobunone (5) was much less efficient than its presumed precursor 3 46 (Figure 3; Table 2), which can only be explained by the varying C-2 substitution and the consequential conformational difference. Interestingly, 5 showed a weak (less than GABA EC [5][6][7][8][9][10] ) direct activation of the α 1 β 2 γ 2S GABA A receptor, whereas 3 did not evoke any agonistic effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Positive GABA_A Receptor Modulators from Acorus calamus and Structural Analysis of (+)-Dioxosarcoguaiacol by 1D and 2D NMR and Molecular Modeling

et al. 2011

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In a two-microelectrode voltage clamp with Xenopus laevis oocytes, a petroleum ether extract of Acorus calamus rhizomes enhanced the GABA-induced chloride current through GABA A receptors of the α 1 β 2 γ 2S subtype by 277% ± 9.7% (100 μg/mL). β-Asarone (1), (+)-dioxosarcoguaiacol (2), (+)-shyobunone (3), and (+)-preisocalamenediol (4) were subsequently identified as main active principles through HPLC-based activity profiling and targeted isolation. The compounds induced maximum potentiation of the chloride current ranging from 588% ± 126% (EC 50 : 65.3 ± 21.6 μM) (2) to 1200% ± 163% (EC 50 : 171.5 ± 34.6 μM) (1), whereas (−)-isoshyobunone (5) and (−)-acorenone (6) exhibited weak GABA A modulating properties (5: 164% ± 42.9%; EC 50 : 109.4 ± 46.6 μM and 6: 241% ± 23.1%; EC 50 : 34.0 ± 6.7 μM). The relative configuration of 2 was established as 4R*8S*10R* by NOESY experiments and conformational analysis.Acorus calamus L. (Acoraceae), commonly known as "sweet flag", is a polyploidic marsh plant indigenous to Asia and is now distributed along trade routes all over the northern hemisphere. 1 The aromatic rhizome has been widely used as an herbal remedy. It contains 1.7-9.3% of a volatile oil composed of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and phenylpropanoids. The most characteristic constituent of the oil is β-asarone, even though Europe PMC Funders GroupAuthor Manuscript J Nat Prod. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 October 24. Europe PMC Funders Author ManuscriptsEurope PMC Funders Author Manuscripts its concentration may vary considerably (96% in the tetraploidic form found in eastern and tropical southern Asia, 5% in the triploidic form found in Europe, Himalayan, and temperate Indian regions, and 0% in the diploidic variety growing from North America to Siberia). [1][2][3][4] In European folk medicine, A. calamus rhizomes have been mainly used as "Amarum aromaticum" to alleviate gastrointestinal ailments such as acute and chronic dyspepsia, gastritis and gastric ulcer, intestinal colic, and anorexia. 5,6 Ayurvedic medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) use the drug preferably to treat central nervous system (CNS) related diseases such as epilepsy, insanity, mental weakness, or insomnia. 7-9 Several in vivo studies support a sedative and tranquillizing action of the essential oil and of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of A. calamus. [10][11][12] Up to now, the underlying mechanism of action has remained elusive despite various investigations, even though the pharmacological effect could be mainly attributed to α-asarone and β-asarone. 11,[13][14][15] GABA A receptors are pentameric ligand-gated chloride ion channels that are activated by GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. Most likely more than 11 different receptor subtypes, assembled from five varying subunits, exist in the human brain. These are involved in distinct neuronal circuits and are targeted by numerous classes of drugs such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and some general anesthetics. The most abundant GABA...

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Sesquiterpenes from Acorus calamus L.

Cited by 45 publications

References 27 publications

An Ethnopharmacological Study from Kulu District, Himachal Pradesh, India: Traditional Knowledge Compared with Modern Biological Science

An Ethnopharmacological Study from Kulu District, Himachal Pradesh, India: Traditional Knowledge Compared with Modern Biological Science

Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Rats: Influence of Acorus calamus Linn.

Positive GABA_A Receptor Modulators from Acorus calamus and Structural Analysis of (+)-Dioxosarcoguaiacol by 1D and 2D NMR and Molecular Modeling

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Sesquiterpenes from Acorus calamus L.

Cited by 45 publications

References 27 publications

An Ethnopharmacological Study from Kulu District, Himachal Pradesh, India: Traditional Knowledge Compared with Modern Biological Science

An Ethnopharmacological Study from Kulu District, Himachal Pradesh, India: Traditional Knowledge Compared with Modern Biological Science

Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Rats: Influence of Acorus calamus Linn.

Positive GABAA Receptor Modulators from Acorus calamus and Structural Analysis of (+)-Dioxosarcoguaiacol by 1D and 2D NMR and Molecular Modeling

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Positive GABA_A Receptor Modulators from Acorus calamus and Structural Analysis of (+)-Dioxosarcoguaiacol by 1D and 2D NMR and Molecular Modeling