Sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes dominate the emissions of
downy birches

Hellén, Heidi; Praplan, Arnaud P.; Tykkä, Toni; Helin, Aku; Schallhart, Simon; Schiestl-Aalto, Piia P.; Bäck, Jaana; Hakola, Hannele

doi:10.5194/acp-2020-1236

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…During the ACMCC pON experiments, CH 3 NO + was detected in the limonene and β-pinene SOA, while C 5 H 3 NO 4 + was detected in guaiacol SOA. As both limonene and β-pinene are detected at SMEAR II , and have biogenic origin, they, along with other BVOCs (e.g., α-pinene), are potential precursors for the pON detected at the site. As guaiacol is a biomass burning tracer − and SMEAR II is known for low biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), it is not expected that the biggest CHON + fragment would be related to biomass burning, in particular as it tracked the total organic loading very well throughout the measurement period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting and Characterizing Particulate Organic Nitrates with an Aerodyne Long-ToF Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Graeffe

Heikkinen

Garmаsh

et al. 2022

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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Particulate organic nitrate (pON) can be a major part of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and is commonly quantified by indirect means from aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) data. However, pON quantification remains challenging. Here, we set out to quantify and characterize pON in the boreal forest, through direct field observations at Station for Measuring Ecosystem Atmosphere Relationships (SMEAR) II in Hyytiala, Finland, and targeted singleprecursor laboratory studies. We utilized a long time-of-flight AMS (LToF-AMS) for aerosol chemical characterization, with a particular focus to identify C x H y O z N + ("CHON + ") fragments. We estimate that during springtime at SMEAR II, pON (including both the organic and nitrate part) accounts for ∼10% of the particle mass concentration (calculated by the NO + /NO 2 + method) and originates mainly from the NO 3 radical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds. The majority of the background nitrate aerosol measured is organic. The CHON + fragment analysis was largely unsuccessful at SMEAR II, mainly due to low concentrations of the few detected fragments. However, our findings may be useful at other sites as we identified 80 unique CHON + fragments from the laboratory measurements of SOA formed from NO 3 radical oxidation of three pON precursors (β-pinene, limonene, and guaiacol). Finally, we noted a significant effect on ion identification during the LToF-AMS high-resolution data processing, resulting in too many ions being fit, depending on whether tungsten ions (W + ) were used in the peak width determination. Although this phenomenon may be instrument-specific, we encourage all (LTOF-) AMS users to investigate this effect on their instrument to reduce the possibility of incorrect identifications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting and Characterizing Particulate Organic Nitrates with an Aerodyne Long-ToF Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Graeffe

Heikkinen

Garmаsh

et al. 2022

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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“…Following collection the Tenax tubes were sealed, individually wrapped in aluminium foil, placed into separate zip lock bags, and stored in a refrigerator (Staudt et al, 2003;Hellén et al, 2023) until analysis could be performed. Following all measurements, the Sitka spruce trees were cut, and all biomass contained within the enclosures was removed, and dried at 60 °C for 72 hours (Hayward et al, 2004) using incubators (Memmert IN110 Incubator).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In total, six of the emissions that were unique to Spruce 2 are C6 compounds, some of which are known to be GLVs (Scala et al, 2013), such as E-2-hexenal (Mäntylä et al, 2008). GLVs are emitted from plants in response to stress, such as wounding (Portillo-Estrada and Niinemets, 2018;Hellén et al, 2021), infestation (Mäntylä et al, 2008) or drought (Mentel et al, 2013). The C6H8O compound may also be a GLV, emitted by Sitka spruce in response to stress.…”

Section: Emission Calculation and Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of volatile organic compounds emitted by Sitka spruce and determination of their emission pathways and fluxes

Furnell,

Wenger,

Wingler

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Abstract. The biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) trees, housed in a plant growth chamber, were characterised by a combination of on-line (time-of-flight chemical ionisation mass spectrometry) and off-line (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) techniques. In total, 74 BVOCs were identified in the Sitka spruce emissions, 52 of which were oxygenated compounds, with piperitone (C10H16O), an oxygenated monoterpene, being the dominant emission. Other prevalent emissions included isoprene and five monoterpenes (myrcene, β-phellandrene, δ-limonene, α-pinene, and camphene). Temperature, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and stress were all found to alter the emission profiles, with different BVOCs exhibiting different responses. Three different plant growth cycles were used to identify the emission pathways (pooled or biosynthetic) for each BVOC, through determination of the relationships of the emission flux with temperature and with PPFD. The majority of the BVOCs emitted by Sitka spruce were found to originate from biosynthetic and pooled pathways simultaneously, with those from a stressed tree having a much lower contribution from the biosynthetic pathway than a healthy tree. Standardised emission fluxes (temperature 30 °C and PPFD 1000 µmol m-2 s-1) were calculated for all BVOCs using the appropriate standardisation model (pooled, biosynthetic or combined). Annual emission fluxes for all Stika spruce plantations in Ireland were determined for piperitone (8,200 tonne year-1), isoprene (13,000 tonne year-1) and monoterpenes (1,600 tonne year-1). At the current conditions of the Irish climate the annual BVOC flux for isoprene was found to exceed that for piperitone, although this is expected to change in a warming climate.

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“…Recent work on the determination of the total reactivity of hydroxyl radicals, total OH reactivity emission in different types of forests also indicates the existence of unaccounted for sinks of this radical (Di Carlo et al, 2004;Sinha et al, 2010;Nölscher et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2016;Praplan et al, 2020), that is, the presence of unaccounted sources of reactive biogenic VOCs in the atmosphere. This implies the need to identify and quantitatively characterise sources of unknown reactive VOCs in the atmosphere (Hellén et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews and syntheses: VOC emissions from soil cover in boreal and temperate natural ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere

Isidorov

Zaitsev

2022

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Plant litter decomposition is a biogeochemical process underlying the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems and between the biosphere and the atmosphere. For the latter, it serves as one of the most important sources of not only carbon dioxide but also volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which have not yet been taken into account in atmospheric models for various purposes and scales, from local to regional and global. This review owes its appearance to the growing interest in decaying leaf litter and living forest floor cover as a hitherto unaccounted for source of photochemically active components of the Earth's atmosphere. This interest is understandable if we take into account the size of this source: for terrestrial ecosystems, the global production of litter is 10 × 1016 g dry matter. The living vegetation cover of the soil on the forest floor, mainly comprising mosses and small shrubs, should also be regarded as a potentially significant source of atmospheric VOCs, as its total biomass may be comparable to or even exceed that of canopy foliage, which is considered the main source of these compounds. This implies a need to integrate these sources into biogenic VOC emission models, which in turn requires extensive research on these sources to understand the conditions and factors that influence VOC emissions. The decomposition of leaf litter, accompanied by the release of VOCs, is a very complex process that depends on a number of biological, chemical and physical environmental factors, but little information is currently available on the role each plays. Equally limited is information on the chemical composition and emission rates of VOCs from these sources. The review focuses on the main gaps in our knowledge of the sources of biogenic VOCs under the forest canopy, and we are confident that filling them will make a significant contribution to solving such an important task as closing the global organic carbon budget.

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Sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes dominate the emissions of downy birches

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Detecting and Characterizing Particulate Organic Nitrates with an Aerodyne Long-ToF Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Detecting and Characterizing Particulate Organic Nitrates with an Aerodyne Long-ToF Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Identification of volatile organic compounds emitted by Sitka spruce and determination of their emission pathways and fluxes

Reviews and syntheses: VOC emissions from soil cover in boreal and temperate natural ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere

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