Sesquiterpene lactone variability in Parthenium hysterophorus L.

Interference and management of parthenium: The world's most important invasive weed

“…It also brings physiological changes by damaging cellular membrane, loss of dehydrogenase activity in roots, loss of chlorophyll in Seedling length and crop weight inhibition Batish et al, 2005a,b Shoot incorporated in soil Root inhibition Mersie and Singh, 1987a,b 5 Legumes Parthenium residues content in soil Growth inhibition of N-fixing and nitrifying bacteria, lesser N content in soil Kanchan and Jayachandra, 1981 leaves and, water loss attributable to the root dysfunction (Pandey, 1996) by affecting respiration, protein content, and activities of protease and peroxidase enzymes . Sesquiterpene lactones and phenolics were found to be in higher concentrations in leaves, flowers, and achenes than in stem and roots (Kanchan, 1975;Kanchan, 1980;De La Fuente et al, 2000;Tefera, 2002;Reinhardt et al, 2005). These two synergistically acting groups of allelochemicals significantly decreased the seed germination and subsequent seedling growth in wheat, rice, maize, radish, and chickpea (Maharjan et al, 2007;Kohli et al, 1985;Singh et al, 2003;Batish et al, 2005a,b).…”

Allelopathy in weed management: A critical review

“…It exerts negative effects on agriculture, animal husbandry, ecology and the environment (Kohli and Rani, 1994). The allelopathic effect of this weed is mainly due to the presence of parthenin, a sesquiterpene lactone of pseudoguanolide nature in various parts of the plant (Kanchan and Jayachandra, 1980b;Kohli et al, 1993;de la Fuente et al, 2000), having greatest concentration in the leaves followed by inflorescence, fruits, roots and stems (Kanchan, 1975). Parthenin is known to have specific inhibitory effects on root and shoot growth of Crotalaria mucronata L., Cassia tora L., Oscimum basilicum L., Oscimum americanum L. and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Sobti.…”

Biological utilities of Parthenium hysterophorus

“…Parthenin the major sesquiterpene lactone becomes useful when properly processed. The early reports suggest that parthenin can be used in pest and pathogen control, either by it self or as a lead compound for the development of active and more selective analogues (de la Fuente et al, 2000;Datta and Saxena, 2001;Fazal et al, 2011). Insecticidal: Parthenin the active compound present in Parthenium hysterophorus is known to show activity against termites, cockroaches (Tilak, 1977) as well as migratory grasshoppers, Melanoplus sanguinipes [F] (Picman et al, 1981;Fagoonee, 1983).…”

“…Nematicidal: Extract of P. hysterophorus show toxicity against root knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and white), Chitwood, Helicotylendus dihyslera (Cobb) sher (Hasan and Jain, 1984). Crushed leaves admixed into the soil are used to reduced root galling in papaya caused by M. incognita (de la Fuente et al, 2000). Herbicidal: Pure parthenin as well as extract of different parts of P. hysterophorus show phytotoxic effects on many aquatic (Pandey, 1994(Pandey, ,1995(Pandey, ,1996 as well as terrestrial weeds (Khosla et al, 1980;Khosla and Sobti, 1981;Kumari, 1990;Singh et al, 1992;Batish et al, 1997;Acharya and Rahman, 1997).…”