Sesamolin Attenuates Kidney Injury, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Gut Microbiota Imbalance in High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Fed Mice

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of sesamolin on kidney injury, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and gut microbiota imbalance in high-fat and high-fructose (HF−HF) diet-fed mice and explored the underlying correlations among them. The results indicated that sesamolin suppressed metabolic disorders and increased renal function parameters. Histological evaluation showed that sesamolin mitigated renal epithelial cell degeneration and brush border damage. Meanwhile, sesamolin inhibited the endotoxinmediated induction of the Toll-like receptor 4-related IKKα/NF-κB p65 pathway activation. Additionally, sesamolin mitigated intestinal barrier dysfunction and improved the composition of gut microbiota. The correlation results further indicated that changes in the dominant phyla, including Firmicutes, Deferribacterota, Desulfobacterota, and Bacteroidota, were more highly correlated with a reduction in endotoxemia and metabolic disorders, as well as decreases in intestinal proinflammatory response and related renal risk biomarkers. The results of this study suggest that sesamolin attenuates kidney injuries, which might be associated with its effects on the reduction of endotoxemia and related metabolic disorders through the restoration of the intestinal barrier and the modulation of gut microbiota. Thus, sesamolin may be a potential dietary supplement for protection against obesity-associated kidney injury.

Nonextractable Polyphenols from Fu Brick Tea Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis by Controlling Colon Microbiota-Targeted Release to Inhibit Intestinal Inflammation in Mice

“…30 Therefore, the physiological activity of NEPs may be limited to the regulation of intestinal flora and the amelioration of colonic diseases. 21,38 In this regard, we first tested whether consumption of NEPs versus DFs could differentially regulate the composition of gut microbiota in UC mice. Through 16S rRNA sequencing, this study found that NEPs and DFs could increase the richness of the intestinal microbiome of UC mice.…”

“…Previous studies have shown that Clostridium is the main bacterial genus involved in the production of SCFAs, which can significantly increase SCFA levels in the mouse colon. 21 Meanwhile, it has been proved that elevated SCFA levels can suppress colonic inflammatory responses in DSSinduced colitis mice. 28 Therefore, we examined the correlation between the microbiota-released bound polyphenols or microbiota metabolite SCFAs and the biochemical indices in mice with colitis.…”

“…Then, the supernatant was collected and stored at 4 °C for further testing. 21,22 Additionally, a medium containing only fecal inoculum was used as the experimental blank control.…”

“…23 The mice in NC and DSS groups were fed with a normal chow diet, while the mice in the NEP or DF group were fed mouse chow containing 8% NEPs and DFs, respectively daily. 21 The body weight of mice was measured regularly during the modeling period, and the disease activity index (DAI) was evaluated according to the mouse clinic symptoms, including weight loss, diarrhea, and hematochezia on the 37th day. 24 After that, the mice were anesthetized with ether and sacrificed to obtain blood by cardiac puncture.…”

Magnoflorine Ameliorates Chronic Kidney Disease in High-Fat and High-Fructose-Fed Mice by Promoting Parkin/PINK1-Dependent Mitophagy to Inhibit NLRP3/Caspase-1-Mediated Pyroptosis

“…These abnormal alterations further damaged the glomerular and tubular interstitium, contributing to an increased production of extracellular matrix, and thereby resulting in glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. , Dietary fats and sugars, primary sources of body energy, are harmful in excess, particularly diets high in fats and fructose (common in modern high-calorie diets), posing significant risks to human health . Long-term consumption of high-fat and high-fructose diets impairs mitochondrial function in the kidneys, ultimately leading to renal injury. − As key regulators of cellular energy, mitochondria maintain cellular homeostasis through a sophisticated monitoring system and play a critical role in protecting renal function, making them a promising target for interventions in kidney diseases . Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is an early event in renal injury and significantly accelerates the incidence and progression of CKD. , Mitophagy, a form of autophagy that selectively removes damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, is recognized as a protective mechanism against chronic kidney dysfunction .…”