Sesamol Protects Testis from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species and Upregulating CREMτ Expression

Abstract

Testicular torsion/detorsion-induced damage is considered as a typical ischemia-reperfusion injury attributed to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS may regulate many genes whose expression affects cell-cycle regulation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. The cAMP-responsive element modulator-τ (CREMτ) gene expression in the testis is essential for normal germ cell differentiation. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of sesamol, a powerful antioxidant, on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury and related mechanisms in an experimental testicular torsion-detorsion rat model. The type of our study was a randomized controlled trial. Sixty rats were randomly divided into the following 3 groups: (1) sham-operated control group (n=20), (2) testicular ischemia-reperfusion group (n=20), and (3) testicular ischemia-reperfusion+sesamol-treated group (n=20). Testicular ischemia-reperfusion was induced by left testicular torsion (720° rotation in a counterclockwise direction) for 2 hours, followed by detorsion. Orchiectomy was performed at 4 hours or 3 months after detorsion. The testis was obtained for the analysis of the following parameters, including malondialdehyde level (a sensitive indicator of ROS), CREMτ expression, and spermatogenesis. In the testicular ischemia-reperfusion group, the malondialdehyde level was significantly increased with a concomitant significant decrease in CREMτ expression and spermatogenesis in ipsilateral testis. These results suggest that overproduction of ROS after testicular ischemia-reperfusion may downregulate CREMτ expression, which causes spermatogenic injury. Sesamol treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the malondialdehyde level and significant increase in CREMτ expression and spermatogenesis in ipsilateral testis. These data support the above suggestion. Our study shows that sesamol can attenuate testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury through scavenging ROS and upregulating CREMτ expression.

Salidroside Exerts Beneficial Effect on Testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats

“…Sixty rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups ( n = 20 per group): group A = sham-operated control; group B = testicular ischemia-reperfusion; and group C = testicular ischemia-reperfusion treated with salidroside. The surgical procedure was conducted in accordance with our previously described method [ 31 ]. Operation was carried out with ketamine (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) anesthesia under aseptic conditions.…”

Sesamol protects the function and structure of rat ovaries against side effects of cyclophosphamide by decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis

“…Parihar et al showed that intraperitoneal administration of 50 mg/kg sesamol before gamma‐irradiation to the whole body could protect mice against weight loss and mortality rate 27 . Wei et al demonstrated that sesamol could protect rat testis from ischemia–reperfusion damage by reducing ROS and upregulating expression of cAMP‐responsive element modulator‐τ (CREMτ) in the testis which is necessary for normal germ cell differentiation 38 . Gao et al reported that sesamol had protective effects and reduced apoptosis in focal cerebral ischemia by increasing Bcl‐2 protein and decreasing Bax protein 39 …”

“…27 Wei et al demonstrated that sesamol could protect rat testis from ischemia-reperfusion damage by reducing ROS and upregulating expression of cAMP-responsive element modulator-τ (CREMτ) in the testis which is necessary for normal germ cell differentiation. 38 Gao et al reported that sesamol had protective effects and reduced apoptosis in focal cerebral ischemia by increasing Bcl-2 protein and decreasing Bax protein. 39 ROS levels and antioxidant compounds must be balanced by pro-oxidant and antioxidant agents, otherwise, ROS over-production leads to oxidative stress that can affect the female reproductive system.…”

Attenuation Effect of Salvianolic Acid B on Testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats

“…The rats were randomly divided into three groups of twenty rats per group, group 1: sham-operated control; group 2: testicular ischemia-reperfusion; and group 3: testicular ischemia-reperfusion + salvianolic acid B treatment. The surgical procedure was performed according to our previously described method [ 25 ]. An intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (50 mg/kg; Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used for general anesthesia in each rat.…”

“…Testicular spermatogenic evaluation was conducted as described previously [ 25 ]. Testicular weight, seminiferous tubular diameter, germ cell layer number, and Johnsen's score were used to evaluate testicular spermatogenesis.…”