Sesaminol Glucosides Protect β-Amyloid Induced Apoptotic Cell Death by Regulating Redox System in SK-N-SH Cells

Abstract

We have investigated the neuroprotective effect of sesaminol glucosides (SG) in SK-N-SH cells. SG prevented apoptotic cell death induced by Aβ₂₅₋₃₅. In parallel, SK-N-SH cells exposed to Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ underwent oxidative stress as shown by the elevated level of intracellular ROS, lipid peroxidation, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation, which were effectively suppressed by SG treatment. Furthermore, SG reversed the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and restored intracellular GSH levels in Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ challenged SK-N-SH cells. In addition, SG inhibited not only Aβ₂₅₋₃₅-induced apoptotic features including cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, activation of caspase-3, and activation of caspase-9, but also elevated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in SK-N-SH cells treated with Aβ₂₅₋₃₅. It was also observed that Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ stimulated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular protein regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAP kinase. SG inhibited phosphorylation of the JNK, ERK and p38 MAP kinase. These results suggest that SG has a protective effect against Aβ₂₅₋₃₅-induced neuronal apoptosis, possibly through scavenging oxidative stress and regulating MAPKs signaling pathways.

Efficacy and Safety of Sesame Oil Cake Extract on Memory Function Improvement: A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study

“…The absence of adverse reaction confirms the safety of SOCE supplementation during the study. These findings are consistent with those of in vitro and animal studies [ 30 , 31 , 32 ], which showed that SOCE improved memory function in animal models. Previously, three different investigations by Um et al evaluated the effect of SG in improving memory function.…”

“…Additionally, lignans including sesamin, sesamolin, and sesaminol from the decomposition of sesame fiber are present [ 29 ]. SOC is shown to protect against cognitive impairment in both in vitro and in animal models [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. High SG-containing sesame oil cake extract (SOCE) effectively suppresses nerve cell apoptosis and inflammatory reactions caused by amyloid β (Aβ) induction and lipopolysaccharide exposure [ 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

“…SOC is shown to protect against cognitive impairment in both in vitro and in animal models [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. High SG-containing sesame oil cake extract (SOCE) effectively suppresses nerve cell apoptosis and inflammatory reactions caused by amyloid β (Aβ) induction and lipopolysaccharide exposure [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Hence, SOCE may be effective against memory damage and inhibiting memory loss caused by β-amyloid deposition [ 32 ].…”

“…High SG-containing sesame oil cake extract (SOCE) effectively suppresses nerve cell apoptosis and inflammatory reactions caused by amyloid β (Aβ) induction and lipopolysaccharide exposure [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Hence, SOCE may be effective against memory damage and inhibiting memory loss caused by β-amyloid deposition [ 32 ]. However, there are no reports on the potential effects of SOCE on cognitive function in humans.…”

Sesame indicum, a nutritional supplement, elicits antiamnesic effect via cholinergic pathway in scopolamine intoxicated mice

“…Activation of bax and caspase 3 are associated with neuronal loss in various neurodegenerative diseases (Mattson, ) There was a severe neurodegeneration in the CA 1 region of scopolamine injected mice as evidenced by decreased Nissl substances (Figueiredo et al, ). Sesaminol glucosides, major sesame seed lignan was shown to inhibit the activation of caspase and elevate the bax/bcl ratio against Aβ‐amyloid induced apoptosis in SK‐N‐SH cell lines (Um et al, ). Further, Ramachandran et al () showed that sesamol, a phenolic antioxidant contained only in processed sesame oil, upregulated Bcl2 and down‐regulated p53, Bax, caspase 3, in human skin fibroblast, HDFa, cell lysates exposed to UVB irradiation.…”