Servitization in the Era of Blockchain: the Ice Cream Supply Chain Business Case

Balistri, Eugenio; Casellato, Francesco; Giannelli, Carlo; Lazzarini, R.; Keyi, Cedric Franck Ngatcha; Stefanelli, Cesare

doi:10.1109/icte47868.2020.9215539

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For instance, the work in [ 27 ] analyzes the benefits of adopting the blockchain in the automotive industry to support trusted and cyber-resilient information distribution among currently non-collaborative organizations. The work in [ 28 ] presents a solution adopting the blockchain to support the servitization of ice cream machines by exploiting smart contracts to ensure data validity related to machine usage. Similarly, in [ 29 ] the Blockchain is used to allow machine owners to share idle machines capacity by securely storing in the blockchain relevant events related to machine usage.…”

Section: Blockchain For Collaborative Manufacturing: State-of-the-art and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interoperable Blockchains for Highly-Integrated Supply Chains in Collaborative Manufacturing

Bellavista

Esposito

Giannelli

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Blockchain technology plays a pivotal role in the undergoing fourth industrial revolution or Industry 4.0. It is considered a tremendous boost to company digitalization; thus, considerable investments in blockchain are being made. However, there is no single blockchain technology, but various solutions exist, and they cannot interoperate with one each other. The ecosystem envisioned by the Industry 4.0 does not have centralized management or leading organization, so a single blockchain solution cannot be imposed. The various organizations hold their own blockchains, which must interoperate seamlessly. Despite some solutions for blockchain interoperability being proposed, the problem is still open. This paper aims to devise a secure solution for blockchain interoperability. The proposed approach consists of a relay scheme based on Trusted Execution Environment to provide higher security guarantees than the current literature. In particular, the proposed solution adopts an off-chain secure computation element invoked by a smart contract on a blockchain to securely communicate with its peered counterpart. A prototype has been implemented and used for the performance assessment, e.g., to measure the latency increase due to cross-blockchain interactions. The achieved and reported experimental results show that the proposed security solution introduces an additional latency that is entirely tolerable for transactions. At the same time, the usage of the Trusted Execution Environment imposes a negligible overhead.

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Section: Blockchain For Collaborative Manufacturing: State-of-the-art and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interoperable Blockchains for Highly-Integrated Supply Chains in Collaborative Manufacturing

Bellavista

Esposito

Giannelli

et al. 2021

Sensors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, [24] analyzes benefits of adopting the Blockchain in the automotive industry to support trusted and cyber-resilient information distribution among currently non-collaborative organizations. [25] presents a solution adopting the Blockchain to support servitization of ice cream machines, by exploiting smart contracts to ensure the validity of data related to machine usage. Similarly, in [26] the Blockchain is used to allow machine owners to share idle machines capacity, by securely storing in the Blockchain relevant events related to machine usage.…”

Section: E Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Guidelines and a Prototype Implementation for Cyber-Resiliency in IT/OT Scenarios Based on Blockchain and Edge Computing

Balistri¹,

Casellato²,

Collura³

et al. 2022

IEEE Internet Things J.

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The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its spread in industrial environments has changed production lines, by dramatically fostering the dynamicity of data sharing and the connectivity of machines. However, such increased flexibility (also pushed by the adoption of edge devices) must not negatively affect the security and safety of industrial environments. The proposed solution adopts the Blockchain to securely store in distributed ledgers topology information and access rules, maximizing the cyber-resiliency of industrial networks. Topology information and access rules are stored and queried in a completely distributed manner, ensuring data availability even in case a centralized controller is temporarily down or the network partitioned. Moreover, Blockchain consensus algorithms foster a participative validation of topology information, to ensure the identity of interacting machines/nodes, to securely distribute topology information and commands in a privacy-preserving manner, and to trace any past modification in a non-repudiable manner. Finally, the adoption of configurable edge gateways allows to take prompt countermeasures in case potential threats are identified, by activating access rules stored in ledgers in a secure and distributed manner. In addition to solution design guidelines and architectural considerations, the paper also presents performance results achieved with our CyberChain working prototype, with the goal of not only demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed solution but also its suitability in industrial environments.

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“…Privacy issues may appear even if the transaction data are encrypted. In [ 15 ], the authors pointed out the problem of competitive participants having potential business insights into competitors solely from the number of transactions exchanged among different accounts.…”

Section: Decentralized Applications For the Iotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A blockchain solution for the ice cream supply chain is presented in [ 15 ]. This work addresses a real-world use case of machine servitization and trustful competition between refill suppliers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized Machine Autonomy for Manufacturing Servitization

Pustišek

Chen

Kos

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Blockchain ecosystems are rapidly maturing and meeting the needs of business environments (e.g., industry, manufacturing, and robotics). The decentralized approaches in industries enable novel business concepts, such as machine autonomy and servitization of manufacturing environments. Introducing the distributed ledger technology principles into the machine sharing and servitization economy faces several challenges, and the integration opens new interesting research questions. Our research focuses on data and event models and secure upgradeable smart contract platforms for machine servitization. Our research indicates that with the proposed approaches, we can efficiently separate on- and off-chain data and assure scalability of the DApp without compromising the trust. We demonstrate that the secure upgradeable smart contract platform, which was adapted for machine servitization, supports the business workflow and, at the same time, assures common identification and authorization of all the participants in the system, including people, devices, and legal entities. We present a hybrid decentralized application (DApp) for the servitization of 3D printing. The solution can be used for or easily adapted to other manufacturing domains. It comprises a modular, upgradeable smart contract platform and off-chain machine, customer and web management, and monitoring interfaces. We pay special attention to the data and event models during the design, which are fundamental for the hybrid data storage and DApp architecture and the responsiveness of off-chain interfaces. The smart contract platform uses a proxy contract to control the access of smart contracts and role-based access control in function calls for blockchain users. We deploy and evaluate the DApp in a consortium blockchain network for performance and privacy. All the actors in the solution, including the machines, are identified by their blockchain accounts and are compeers. Our solution thus facilitates integration with the traditional information-communication systems in terms of the hybrid architectures and security standards for smart contract design comparable to those in traditional software engineering.

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Servitization in the Era of Blockchain: the Ice Cream Supply Chain Business Case

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Interoperable Blockchains for Highly-Integrated Supply Chains in Collaborative Manufacturing

Interoperable Blockchains for Highly-Integrated Supply Chains in Collaborative Manufacturing

Design Guidelines and a Prototype Implementation for Cyber-Resiliency in IT/OT Scenarios Based on Blockchain and Edge Computing

Decentralized Machine Autonomy for Manufacturing Servitization

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