Serving a Segregated Metropolitan Area: Disparities in Spatial Access to Primary Care Physicians in Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Wang, Fahui; Vingiello, Michael; Xierali, Imam M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-19573-1_5

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As shown in Table 2 and Figure 5B , as the Black population proportion level increases, the general trend is that the average 2SFCA scores increase with only a negligible dip from 20–40% to 40–60%, and the differences are all statistically significant (based on a similar regression as noted in footnote 1). In other words, when it comes to physical accessibility of PCPs, Black population tend to enjoy an advantage, or “reversed racial disadvantage” as previously reported ( 16 ). Such an advantage can be explained by higher Black population proportion levels in more urbanized areas in Louisiana ( Table 1 ), where most PCPs are located.…”

Section: Disparities Of Physical and Virtual Accessibility By Urbanic...mentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In healthcare research applications, accessibility can be divided into spatial and non-spatial access ( 15 ). Spatial accessibility stresses the service providers (supply), residents (demand), and the geographic connection between them ( 16 ), while non-spatial accessibility captures how accessibility varies by characteristics of residents such as race, sex, income, family structure, educational attainment, homeownership status, and others ( 17 ). This research focuses on spatial accessibility, however, extends the analysis of disparities in spatial accessibility across geographic areas with different socio-demographic structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disparities in spatial accessibility of primary care in Louisiana: From physical to virtual accessibility

Wang

Zeng

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Telehealth has been widely employed and has transformed how healthcare is delivered in the United States as a result of COVID-19 pandemic. While telehealth is utilized and encouraged to reduce the cost and travel burden for access to healthcare, there are debates on whether telehealth can promote equity in healthcare services by narrowing the gap among diverse groups. Using the Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) and Two-Step Virtual Catchment Area (2SVCA) methods, this study compares the disparities of physical and virtual access to primary care physicians (PCPs) in Louisiana. Both physical and virtual access to PCPs exhibit similar spatial patterns with higher scores concentrated in urban areas, followed by low-density and rural areas. However, the two accessibility measures diverge where broadband availability and affordability come to play an important role. Residents in rural areas experience additive disadvantage of even more limited telehealth accessibility than physical accessibility due to lack of broadband service provision. Areas with greater Black population proportions tend to have better physical accessibility, but such an advantage is eradicated for telehealth accessibility because of lower broadband subscription rates in these neighborhoods. Both physical and virtual accessibility scores decline in neighborhoods with higher Area Deprivation Index (ADI) values, and the disparity is further widened for in virtual accessibility compared to than physical accessibility. The study also examines how factors such as urbanicity, Black population proportion, and ADI interact in their effects on disparities of the two accessibility measures.

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Section: Disparities Of Physical and Virtual Accessibility By Urbanic...mentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities in spatial accessibility of primary care in Louisiana: From physical to virtual accessibility

Wang

Zeng

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…The district includes Ascension, East Baton Rouge, East Feliciana, Pointe Coupee, West Baton Rouge, and West Feliciana parishes (counties) and is home to Baton Rouge, the capital of Louisiana and the second largest city in the state (Figure 1). The region is socioeconomically diverse, with residents residing across the full rural-urban continuum (Wang et al, 2020). Despite the CAGWCD containing the Mississippi River, the 15th largest river in the world by volume, it is heavily dependent on groundwater supplies drawn from the Southern Hills Aquifer System (SHAS) for both public drinking water and to support the petrochemical facilities and energy plants in Baton Rouge's industrial corridor.…”

Section: Groundwater Governance In Louisiana's Capital Area Ground Wa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“You turn the tap on, the water's there, and you just think everything's fine”: a mixed methods approach to understanding public perceptions of groundwater management in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

Hemmerling,

Haertling,

Shao

et al. 2024

Front. Water

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In Louisiana's Capital Area Groundwater Conservation District (CAGWCD), extensive groundwater withdrawals from the Southern Hills Aquifer System have begun to accelerate the infiltration of saltwater into the aquifer's freshwater sands. This accelerated saltwater intrusion has the potential to reduce the amount of groundwater available for public consumption and other industrial and agricultural uses throughout the region. In response to this threat, the Capital Area Ground Water Conservation Commission has begun development of a long-term strategic plan to achieve and maintain sustainable and resilient groundwater withdrawals from the aquifer system. The development of the strategic plan includes an assessment of public attitudes regarding groundwater and groundwater management in the CAGWCD. This paper presents the results of mixed methods public participatory research to evaluate current and historical views and attitudes around groundwater quality, quantity, and cost in the CAGWCD. The mixed methods approach used in this research employed a sequential explanatory design model consisting of two phases. The first phase involved the implementation of an internet-based survey, followed by a qualitative phase aimed at explaining and enhancing the quantitative results. The qualitative phase employed a combination of one-on-one interviews and focus groups. The research found that the primary governance obstacle that decision-makers may face in managing groundwater is a broad lack of public awareness of groundwater and groundwater issues in the CAGWCD. Despite the criticality of over-pumping and saltwater intrusion into the aquifer system, survey research and subsequent interviews and focus groups have shown that the public is largely unaware of these issues. This research also found a general lack of trust in both industry and government to manage groundwater issues and highlighted the need for groundwater management efforts to be led by unbiased, trusted institutions.

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“…When the attributive homogeneity is defined as percentage of a disadvantaged group (e.g. racial-ethnic minority, population under poverty or with a language barrier), the derived areas represent different levels of concentrated disadvantages, and facilitate health disparity analysis between the haves and have-nots (Wang, Vingiello, and Xierali 2020). The approach also frees us from relying on data often aggregated in administrative units.…”

Section: Constructing Geographic Areas For Health Data Dissemination mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why public health needs GIS: a methodological overview

Wang

2019

Annals of GIS

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122

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The short paper provides an overview on how geographic issues have become increasingly relevant to public health research and policy, particularly through the lens of geographic information systems (GIS). It covers six themes with an emphasis on methodological issues. (1) Our health-related behaviour varies across geographic settings, so should public health policy. (2) Facilities (supply) and patients (demand) in a health-care market interact with each other across geopolitical borders, and measures of healthcare accessibility need to capture that. (3) Our health outcome is the result of joint effects of individual attributes and neighbourhood characteristics, and an adequate definition of neighbourhood is critical for assessing neighbourhood effect. (4) Disease rates in areas of small population are unreliable, and one effective way to mitigate the problem is to construct a larger, internally homogenous and comparable area unit. (5) Defining a scientific geographic unit for health-care market is critical for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers to evaluate health-care delivery, and GIS enables us to define the unit (e.g. primary care service areas, hospital service areas, and cancer service areas) automatically, efficiently and optimally. (6) Aside from various optimization objectives around 'efficiency', it is as important to plan the location and allocation of health-care resources towards maximum equality in health-care access. Case studies are cited to illustrate each theme.

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Serving a Segregated Metropolitan Area: Disparities in Spatial Access to Primary Care Physicians in Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Disparities in spatial accessibility of primary care in Louisiana: From physical to virtual accessibility

Disparities in spatial accessibility of primary care in Louisiana: From physical to virtual accessibility

“You turn the tap on, the water's there, and you just think everything's fine”: a mixed methods approach to understanding public perceptions of groundwater management in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

Why public health needs GIS: a methodological overview

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