Service-oriented interactive 3D visualization of massive 3D city models on thin clients

Hildebrandt, Dieter; Klimke, Jan; Hagedorn, Benjamin; Döllner, Jürgen

doi:10.1145/1999320.1999326

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…View-independent computations are performed on the server-side and reused on the client-side for different novel views with view-dependent computations applied on top. We discuss further related work in dedicated articles that relate to IViews and WVS [7,47,48], WISS [7], NVS [8] and the proposed navigation technique [9].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A feature-based styling specification controls feature-based styling (FStyling), i.e., how a mapping operator maps features to scene graphs [23,58,60,62,95]. A rendering specification controls a rendering operator, e.g., by defining the camera specification, and output image dimensions, encoding and quality [47,48]. An image-based styling specification controls IStyling, i.e., how a filtering, mapping or rendering operator maps an IRep to an output IRep [7].…”

Section: Information Viewpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3D scene graphs can be represented with X3D [59] or COLLADA [102] from the computer graphics domain, or KML [103] from the geospatial domain. IReps can be encoded using standard formats, which can be grouped according to their purpose: encoding single color or gray-scale images (e.g., JPEG), compact encoding and decompression by the GPUs (e.g., S3TC/DDS [104]), including the representation of high dynamic range color ranges (e.g., OpenEXR [105]) and the representation of images as triangle meshes (e.g., using X3D [48,59]), augmenting images with geospatial attributes (e.g., GeoTIFF) and encoding georeferenced views on 3D models (e.g., image-based view (IView) [7]). Table 4) Data (see Table 3 [7] facilitates 3D styling of IReps encoded as IViews.…”

Section: Technology Viewpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A W3DS is a 3D portrayal service for geodata that outputs scene graphs representing 3D visual representations of geodata for a given geographic area [114]. A WVS [47,48] is a 3D portrayal service for geodata that outputs IReps in the form of IViews representing views on 3D models comprised of geodata.…”

Section: Technology Viewpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An image-based view (IView) [7] represents a georeferenced, projected view of a 3D model. A Web View Service (WVS) [47,48] renders 3D models from specified viewpoints and outputs results as IViews. A Web Image-based Styling Service (WISS) [7] styles IViews according to specified styling specifications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Software Reference Architecture for Service-Oriented 3D Geovisualization Systems

Hildebrandt

2014

IJGI

Self Cite

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Modern 3D geovisualization systems (3DGeoVSs) are complex and evolving systems that are required to be adaptable and leverage distributed resources, including massive geodata. This article focuses on 3DGeoVSs built based on the principles of service-oriented architectures, standards and image-based representations (SSI) to address practically relevant challenges and potentials. Such systems facilitate resource sharing and agile and efficient system construction and change in an interoperable manner, while exploiting images as efficient, decoupled and interoperable representations. The software architecture of a 3DGeoVS and its underlying visualization model have strong effects on the system's quality attributes and support various system life cycle activities. This article contributes a software reference architecture (SRA) for 3DGeoVSs based on SSI that can be used to design, describe and analyze concrete software architectures with the intended primary benefit of an increase in effectiveness and efficiency in such activities. The SRA integrates existing, proven technology and novel contributions in a unique manner. As the foundation for the SRA, we propose the generalized visualization pipeline model that generalizes and overcomes expressiveness limitations of the prevalent visualization pipeline model. To facilitate exploiting image-based representations (IReps), the SRA integrates approaches for the representation, provisioning and styling of and interaction with IReps. Five applications of the SRA provide proofs of concept for the general applicability and utility of the SRA. A qualitative evaluation indicates the overall suitability of the SRA, its applications and the general approach of building 3DGeoVSs based on SSI.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Information Viewpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technology Viewpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technology Viewpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Software Reference Architecture for Service-Oriented 3D Geovisualization Systems

Hildebrandt

2014

IJGI

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A Service-Based Concept for Camera Control in 3D Geovirtual Environments

Klimke

Hagedorn

Döllner

2012

Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography

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A scalable architecture for 3D map navigation on mobile devices

Noguera

Segura

Ogáyar

et al. 2012

Pers Ubiquit Comput

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Mobile devices such as smart phones or tablets\ud are rapidly increasing their graphics and networking\ud capabilities. However, real-time visualization of 3D maps\ud is still a challenging task to accomplish on such limited\ud devices. In this paper, we describe the principles involved\ud in the design and development of a scalable client–server\ud architecture for delivering 3D maps over wireless networks\ud to mobile devices. We have developed a hybrid adaptive\ud streaming and rendering method that distributes the 3D\ud map rendering task between the mobile clients and a\ud remote server. This architecture provides support for efficient\ud delivery of 3D contents to mobile clients according to\ud their capabilities. As a proof of concept, we have implemented\ud a prototype and carried out exhaustive experiments\ud considering different scenarios and hundreds of concurrent\ud connected clients. The analysis of the server workload and\ud the mobile clients performance show that our architecture\ud achieves a great scalability and performance even when\ud using low-end hardware.Postprint (published version

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Service-oriented interactive 3D visualization of massive 3D city models on thin clients

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

A Software Reference Architecture for Service-Oriented 3D Geovisualization Systems

A Software Reference Architecture for Service-Oriented 3D Geovisualization Systems

A Service-Based Concept for Camera Control in 3D Geovirtual Environments

A scalable architecture for 3D map navigation on mobile devices

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