Serum β2-microglobulin measured by immunonephelometry: expression patterns and reference intervals in healthy adults

Mátrai, Zoltán; Németh, Júlia; Miklós, Katalin; Szabó, Z; Masszi, Tamás

doi:10.1515/cclm.2009.137

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Concerning the biological and clinical parameters, the difference in the follow‐up was because of the age categories. The increase in the β2‐microgobulin with age was previously observed in healthy population .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Comprehensive characterization of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

René

Prat

Thuizat

et al. 2014

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Previous studies have suggested a geographical pattern of immunoglobulin rearrangement in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), which could be as a result of a genetic background or an environmental antigen. However, the characteristics of Ig rearrangements in the population from the South of France have not yet been established. Here, we studied CLL B-cell repertoire and mutational pattern in a Southern French cohort of patients using an in-house protocol for whole sequencing of the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes. Described biased usage of variable, diversity and joining genes between the mutated and unmutated groups was found in our population. However, variable gene frequencies are more in accordance with those observed in the Mediterranean patients. We found that the third complementary-determining region (CDR) length was higher in unmutated sequences, because of bias in the diversity and joining genes usage and not due to the N diversity. Mutations found in CLL followed the features of canonical somatic hypermutation mechanism: preference of targeting for activation-induced cytidine deaminase and polymerase motifs, base change bias for transitions and more replacement mutations occurring in CDRs than in framework regions. Surprisingly, localization of activation-induced cytidine deaminase motifs onto the variable gene showed a preference for framework regions. The study of the characteristics at the age of diagnosis showed no difference in clinical outcome, but suggested a tendency of increased replacement and transition-over-transversion mutations and a longer third CDR length in older patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Comprehensive characterization of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

René

Prat

Thuizat

et al. 2014

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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“…β 2 ‐Microglobulin is increased in the serum or plasma of patients with chronic kidney disease, hematologic malignancies, autoimmune disease, especially systemic lupus erythematosis, infections, and in lymphoproliferative disorders, for example, myeloma; however, little data exist about plasma levels in healthy adults 24‐30 . In the sera, adolescent males are reported to have higher levels of β 2 ‐microglobulin than females; however, β 2 ‐microglobulin levels in the sera from adults demonstrate no increase in males and a mild increase with age 29,31 . To the best of our knowledge there are no reports of relative β 2 ‐microglobulin plasma levels in males versus females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…β 2 ‐Microglobulin, which is the light or β‐chain of the HLA Class I molecule, is present in serum, urine, and synovial fluid and because of its purely renal excretion has been used as a marker of renal function 24,25 24‐30 . In the sera, adolescent males are reported to have higher levels of β 2 ‐microglobulin than females; however, β 2 ‐microglobulin levels in the sera from adults demonstrate no increase in males and a mild increase with age 29,31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic analyses of human plasma: Venus versus Mars

et al. 2011

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Background Plasma is vital for the resuscitation of injured patients and to restore necessary pro-coagulants, especially factors II, V, VII, X and XIII; however, female plasma has been implicated in the majority of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) cases and male-only plasma transfusion regimens have significantly decreased the incidence of TRALI. Little is known about the Human plasma proteome, and no comparisons have been made between male and female plasma; therefore, we hypothesize that there are significant differences between plasma from male and female donors. Methods 5 units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) each were collected from nulliparous female donors and male donors and the proteome was analyzed by depleting the 14 most common proteins by immunoaffinity columns followed by protein separation by one dimension gel electrophoresis, tryptic digestion of the proteins, analysis of the peptides by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and identification employing human protein sequence databases. Results female plasma, vs. males contained pregnancy zone protein (419-580-fold), factor V (2-fold), α1-antitrypsin (2-fold), β2-microglobulin (2-fold), and complement factors H and C4B (1.5-2-fold) at significantly higher concentrations than males and males contained significant increases in Fc binding protein (2-fold), protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (2-fold), phosphatidylinositol-glycan specific phospholipase (4-fold), protein S-100 (3-fold) and transgelin-2 (14-fold) vs. females (p<.005). The increases in factor V, α1-antitrypsin, and β2-microglobulin were confirmed by an activity assay or immunoblots. We conclude that there are proteomic differences between male and female plasma which could be exploited to improve clinical outcomes in transfused patients.

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“…Resident brain cells normally express few or no MHC class I and B2M molecules [18]–[20]. In addition, B2M expression is upregulated by infection or autoimmune disease [21]–[23]. Therefore, in disorders with cellular infiltration such as inflammation (especially encephalitis) or cancer cell invasion, B2M expression levels may be significantly varied compared with normal tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Related Gene Expression Profile in Laboratory Common Marmosets Assessed by an Accurate Quantitative Real-Time PCR Using Selected Reference Genes

et al. 2013

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The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is considered a novel experimental animal model of non-human primates. However, due to antibody unavailability, immunological and pathological studies have not been adequately conducted in various disease models of common marmoset. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a powerful tool to examine gene expression levels. Recent reports have shown that selection of internal reference housekeeping genes are required for accurate normalization of gene expression. To develop a reliable qPCR method in common marmoset, we used geNorm applets to evaluate the expression stability of eight candidate reference genes (GAPDH, ACTB, rRNA, B2M, UBC, HPRT, SDHA and TBP) in various tissues from laboratory common marmosets. geNorm analysis showed that GAPDH, ACTB, SDHA and TBP were generally ranked high in stability followed by UBC. In contrast, HPRT, rRNA and B2M exhibited lower expression stability than other genes in most tissues analyzed. Furthermore, by using the improved qPCR with selected reference genes, we analyzed the expression levels of CD antigens (CD3ε, CD4, CD8α and CD20) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12β, IL-13, IFN-γ and TNF-α) in peripheral blood leukocytes and compared them between common marmosets and humans. The expression levels of CD4 and IL-4 were lower in common marmosets than in humans whereas those of IL-10, IL-12β and IFN-γ were higher in the common marmoset. The ratio of Th1-related gene expression level to that of Th2-related genes was inverted in common marmosets. We confirmed the inverted ratio of CD4 to CD8 in common marmosets by flow cytometric analysis. Therefore, the difference in Th1/Th2 balance between common marmosets and humans may affect host defense and/or disease susceptibility, which should be carefully considered when using common marmoset as an experimental model for biomedical research.

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Serum β2-microglobulin measured by immunonephelometry: expression patterns and reference intervals in healthy adults

Abstract: These data can help standardise beta2m reference limits and support age-adjusted comparisons in clinical studies.

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Comprehensive characterization of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Comprehensive characterization of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Proteomic analyses of human plasma: Venus versus Mars

Immune-Related Gene Expression Profile in Laboratory Common Marmosets Assessed by an Accurate Quantitative Real-Time PCR Using Selected Reference Genes

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