Serum Vitamin D as a Biomarker in Autoimmune, Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Bivona, Giulia; Gambino, Caterina Maria; Sasso, Bruna Lo; Scazzone, Concetta; Giglio, Rosaria Vincenza; Agnello, Luisa; Ciaccio, Marcello

doi:10.3390/diagnostics12010130

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…# negative correlation between lethality and the percentage of patients under treatment with teriflunomide ( p -value 0.035). References: [ 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 25 ].…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some genes encoding for immune system components lead to a higher risk of developing MS and other acquired risk factors (vitamin D plasma level, solar light exposition, salt intake, the smoking habit and some infections, etc.) may also increase the risk [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Moreover, it seems that the Epstein–Barr virus infection is a “necessary but not sufficient” factor for the development of MS [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Sclerosis Treatment in the COVID-19 Era: A Risk-Benefit Approach

Immovilli

Morelli

Terracciano

et al. 2022

Neurology International

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The COVID-19 pandemic poses an ongoing global challenge, and several risk factors make people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) particularly susceptible to running a severe disease course. Although the literature does report numerous articles on the risk factors for severe COVID-19 and vaccination response in pwMS, there is a scarcity of reviews integrating both these aspects into strategies aimed at minimizing risks. The aim of this review is to describe the risk of vulnerable pwMS exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the issues related to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and to evidence possible future strategies in the clinical management of pwMS. The authors searched for papers on severe COVID-19 risk factors, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and people with multiple sclerosis in support of this narrative literature review. We propose a multilevel strategy aimed at: the evaluation of risk factors for severe COVID-19 in people with multiple sclerosis, identifying the most appropriate vaccination schedule that is safe for people on disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) and a strict follow-up of high-risk people with multiple sclerosis to allow for the prompt administration of monoclonal antibodies to manage COVID-19 risks in this patient population.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Sclerosis Treatment in the COVID-19 Era: A Risk-Benefit Approach

Immovilli

Morelli

Terracciano

et al. 2022

Neurology International

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“…8 At times, neurodegenerative disorders following substance abuse can mimic features of MS, which needs careful evaluation. 9 Potential biomarkers, such as myelin basic protein (MBP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CNPase, can play a role in the diagnosis and assessment of therapeutic agents in MS. 10,11 Cuprizone (bis-cyclohexanone oxaldihydrazone; Cup) has been successfully used for inducing demyelination. 12 It is a primary copper chelator which causes selective apoptosis of oligodendrocytes and induces CNS demyelination in rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of different intensity of aquatic exercise in enhancing remyelination and neuronal plasticity using cuprizone model in male Wistar rats

Begum¹,

Subramanian²,

Raghunath³

et al. 2022

Adv Clin Exp Med

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Background. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Most exercise studies concentrate on the impact of exercise on cardiovascular system; this study aims to present the effects of exercise of varying intensity on the nervous system. Most recently in MS, positive outcomes were obtained with resistance and high-intensity exercises. This study also analyzes the effects of a prior conditioning program before the induction of demyelination and subsequent neuroprotective effects of such program. Objectives.To study and determine the neuroprotective and remyelinating effects of different intensity of aquatic exercise and a preconditioning exercise program on demyelination induced by oral administration of cuprizone (Cup). Materials and methods.Six groups of animals, each containing 6 rats, were used in the study. The groups were as follows: group I -control group; group II -Cup group; group III -treated with methylprednisolone (MP); group IV -treated with low-intensity exercise (LIE), free swimming for 40 min and high-intensity exercise (HIE); group V -treated with a resistance of 9% body weight and free swimming for 40 min; group VI -treated with preconditioning exercise (free swimming for 40 min for 3 weeks) before Cup administration followed by the same exercise protocol as for group V. All data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's test, by means of SigmaPlot v. 14.5 software. Results.Similarly to the MP group, group VI showed a positive outcome. A value of p < 0.001 was considered statistically significant. Also, group VI showed improved areas of remyelination in histopathology, an increased expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), reduced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in corpus callosum, and improved gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus region.Conclusions. General fitness achieved through a preconditioning program combined with HIE showed neuroprotective effects, as evidenced by increased areas of remyelination and improved neuronal plasticity, observed mostly in group VI (conditioning+HIE).

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“…In particular, low levels of Vitamin D have been found in neonatal and adult cohorts of MS patients [ 16 ]. Moreover, the serum Vitamin D biomarker can be considered an important risk factor for long-term MS activity and progression in the early course of the disease, and it can predict new active lesions and the relapse rate [ 16 ]. However, vitamin D supplementation seems to have no therapeutic effect on the EDSS score in MS patients [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

Basile

Bramanti

Mazzon

2022

Genes

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system that presents heterogeneous clinical manifestations and course. It has been shown that different immune checkpoints, including Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4), can be involved in the pathogenesis of MS. CTLA-4 is a critical regulator of T-cell homeostasis and self-tolerance and represents a key inhibitor of autoimmunity. In this scopingreview, we resume the current preclinical and clinical studies investigating the role of CTLA-4 in MS with different approaches. While some of these studies assessed the expression levels of CTLA-4 on T cells by comparing MS patients with healthy controls, others focused on the evaluation of the effects of common MS therapies on CTLA-4 modulation or on the study of the CTLA-4 blockade or deficiency in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. Moreover, other studies in this field aimed to discover if the CTLA-4 gene might be involved in the predisposition to MS, whereas others evaluated the effects of treatment with CTLA4-Ig in MS. Although these results are of great interest, they are often conflicting. Therefore, further studies are needed to reveal the exact mechanisms underlying the action of a crucial immune checkpoint such as CTLA-4 in MS to identify novel immunotherapeutic strategies for MS patients.

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Serum Vitamin D as a Biomarker in Autoimmune, Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Cited by 23 publications

References 151 publications

Multiple Sclerosis Treatment in the COVID-19 Era: A Risk-Benefit Approach

Multiple Sclerosis Treatment in the COVID-19 Era: A Risk-Benefit Approach

Efficacy of different intensity of aquatic exercise in enhancing remyelination and neuronal plasticity using cuprizone model in male Wistar rats

The Role of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

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