Serum vitamin A in mothers and newborns in the city of Rio de Janeiro

Gomes, Mirian Martins; Saunders, Cláudia; Ramalho, Andréa; Accioly, Elizabeth

doi:10.1080/09637480701752210

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…No studies assessing specific micronutrient maternal levels were included in this review because of IPI categorisations that did not meet inclusion criteria. Although some evidence indicates that decreases in some micronutrients may be more prevalent in women with short IPIs, 54–57 differences in vitamins and IPIs assessed and possible residual confounding are factors that need to be explored as research in this area expands.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Increasing Inter‐pregnancy Interval on Maternal and Infant Health

Wendt

Gibbs

Peters

et al. 2012

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

162

134

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Short inter-pregnancy intervals (IPIs) have been associated with adverse maternal and infant health outcomes in the literature. However, many studies in this area have been lacking in quality and appropriate control for confounders known to be associated with both short IPIs and poor outcomes. The objective of this systematic review was to assess this relationship using more rigorous criteria, based on GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology. We found too few higher-quality studies of the impact of IPIs (measured as the time between the birth of a previous child and conception of the next child) on maternal health to reach conclusions about maternal nutrition, morbidity or mortality. However, the evidence for infant effects justified meta-analyses. We found significant impacts of short IPIs for extreme preterm birth [<6 m adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.58 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40, 1.78], 6–11 m aOR: 1.23 [1.03, 1.46]], moderate preterm birth (<6 m aOR: 1.41 [1.20, 1.65], 6–11 m aOR: 1.09 [1.01, 1.18]), low birthweight (<6 m aOR: 1.44 [1.30, 1.61], 6–11 m aOR: 1.12 [1.08, 1.17]), stillbirth (aOR: 1.35 [1.07, 1.71] and early neonatal death (aOR: 1.29 [1.02, 1.64]) outcomes largely in high- and moderate-income countries. It is likely these effects would be greater in settings with poorer maternal health and nutrition. Future research in these settings is recommended. This is particularly important in developing countries, where often the pattern is to start childbearing at a young age, have all desired children quickly and then control fertility through permanent contraception, thereby contracting women's fertile years and potentially increasing their exposure to the ill effects of very short IPIs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Increasing Inter‐pregnancy Interval on Maternal and Infant Health

Wendt

Gibbs

Peters

et al. 2012

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

162

134

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“…Multiple linear regression analyses with adjustment for maternal age, VA intake, and BMI did not show an association between retinol concentrations in maternal blood and UC blood (estimate ¼ 0.09; 95% CI ¼ À0.007-0.2; R 2 ¼ 0.08; p ¼ 0.07), or between those in maternal blood and BM (estimate ¼ À0.76; 95% CI ¼ À2.43-0.91; R 2 ¼ 0.07; p ¼ 0. 36). No association was observed between maternal VA intake and retinol concentrations in maternal blood, BM, or UC blood when the data were analysed by multiple linear regression with adjustment for maternal age and BMI.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Low retinol concentrations in newborns may be attributed to regulation of VA transfer through the placenta because high concentrations may have adverse effects on the foetus. 36,38,39 Additionally, the high prevalence of mothers with insufficient serum retinol concentrations could contribute to an explanation of this finding. This is because neonates of mothers with deficient retinol concentrations showed significantly lower retinol concentrations in UC blood compared with those born to mothers without inadequate serum retinol concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to newborns in our study, the mean retinol concentration observed in UC blood was much lower than that observed in maternal blood, which is similar to other studies. 12,26,27,[29][30][31][32][34][35][36][37] Despite these observations, there is currently no agreement in the scientific literature regarding the value of the cut-off point for adequate retinol concentration for newborns, or whether adult values should be chosen for this age range. Low retinol concentrations in newborns may be attributed to regulation of VA transfer through the placenta because high concentrations may have adverse effects on the foetus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin A intake of Brazilian mothers and retinol concentrations in maternal blood, human milk, and the umbilical cord

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesTo analyse intake of vitamin A (VA) and retinol concentrations in maternal blood, breast milk (BM), and the umbilical cord (UC) of newborns, and to determine the associations among these variables.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional, epidemiological study of 180 mother–newborn dyads. Maternal and UC blood samples and BM were collected. VA intake by the mother over 30 days was assessed using a questionnaire.ResultsMean retinol concentrations in maternal serum, the UC, and BM were 0.65 ± 0.27, 0.36 ± 0.18, and 2.95 ± 2.70 µmol/L, respectively. Retinol concentrations <0.70 µmol/L were found in 57.2% of maternal blood samples and in 94.9% of UC samples. A total of 27.9% of BM samples showed retinol concentrations <1.05 µmol/L. Mean VA intake by the mothers was 1041.33 ± 1187.86 µg retinol activity equivalents/day and was inadequate (<550 µg retinol activity equivalents/day) in 44.7%.ConclusionsHigh proportions of insufficient retinol concentrations were observed in the UC, maternal blood, and BM. A high percentage of pregnant women had inadequate VA intake. Mothers with insufficient serum retinol concentrations had newborns with lower retinol concentrations in the UC. Higher retinol concentrations were observed in maternal blood and the UC with a higher VA intake.

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“…At present, as living standards have improved, the VAD rates of adults and older children have fallen significantly worldwide (12). However, the percentage of neonates with VAD remains as high as 42-82% according to some studies (13)(14)(15)(16). In a previous study, we also found a high incidence of neonatal VAD (60.1%) in areas where VAD was uncommon (17,18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Changes in Vitamin A Levels and the Effect of Early Vitamin A Supplementation on Vitamin A Levels in Infants Throughout the First 6 Months of Life: A Prospective Cohort Study in Chongqing, China

Liu

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Objectives: This study aimed to explore the changes in infant vitamin A (VA) status and the effect of early VA supplementation on VA level throughout the first 6 months of life.Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in Chongqing, China. A total of 1,016 healthy infants were enrolled at birth. Then, 930, 882, 854 and 822 healthy infants were followed up at postnatal day 7 and postnatal months 1, 3, and 6, respectively. Blood samples and dietary survey and physical development data were collected. Serum VA was measured by chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry and was classified according to the VA deficiency (VAD) criteria for older children aged 6–70 months (<0.70, 0.70–1.05, ≥1.05 μmol/L). Normally distributed continuous variables are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. The categorical variables are described by the frequency and percentage (%). The reference interval for the VA level was the 2.5th−97.5th percentile. Changes in VA status with age and the relationship of VA supplementation with VA level were investigated by generalized estimating equations followed by Bonferroni post hoc test, controlling for the effects of feeding pattern and sex.Results: Infant VA levels increased significantly from 0.499 ± 0.146 to 1.061 ± 0.414 μmol/L with age at 6 months, even without VA supplementation (P < 0.05). From birth to 6 months, the percentage of infants with a VA level <0.70 μmol/L decreased from 88.6 to 19.5%. During follow-up, no infant demonstrated clinical VAD conditions, such as night blindness, conjunctival xerosis or Bitot's spots. Less than 7.0% of infants were underdeveloped in terms of weight, length and head circumference. The VA status of infants with VA≥0.588 μmol/L at birth gradually increased to adequate VA (VA ≥ 1.05 μmol/L) at 6 months. For these infants, there was no significant difference in VA level between the VA supplementation and non-supplementation groups (P > 0.05). Infants with VA <0.430 μmol/L at birth still had VA <0.70 μmol/L at 6 months; in this group, VA levels increased by 0.08 μmol/L more among supplemented infants than among non-supplemented infants (P < 0.05).Conclusions: A low VA level among neonates at birth may be a normal physiological state and may increase with age; thus, not all neonates may need early VA supplementation. More multicenter studies are needed to determine a new cutoff point for the diagnosis of neonatal VAD and the administration of nutritional intervention.

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Serum vitamin A in mothers and newborns in the city of Rio de Janeiro

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Impact of Increasing Inter‐pregnancy Interval on Maternal and Infant Health

Impact of Increasing Inter‐pregnancy Interval on Maternal and Infant Health

Vitamin A intake of Brazilian mothers and retinol concentrations in maternal blood, human milk, and the umbilical cord

Changes in Vitamin A Levels and the Effect of Early Vitamin A Supplementation on Vitamin A Levels in Infants Throughout the First 6 Months of Life: A Prospective Cohort Study in Chongqing, China

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