Serum vascular endothelial growth factor‐C level in patients with primary nonsmall cell lung carcinoma

Tamura, Masaya; Ohta, Yasuhiko

doi:10.1002/cncr.11529

Cited by 62 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This result suggests that when VEGF-C expression is relatively higher than VEGFR-3 expression, lymph node metastasis is promoted. A previous report demonstrated that the serum VEGF-C level of patients with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that of patients without metastasis in NSCLC (Tamura and Ohta, 2003). This study supports our speculation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The balance of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 mRNA is a predictor of lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer

et al. 2006

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A positive association between vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) expression and lymph node metastasis has been reported in several cancers. However, the relationship of VEGF-C and lymph node metastasis in some cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is controversial. We evaluated the VEGF-C and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) expression in NSCLC samples from patients who had undergone surgery between 1998 and 2002 using real-time quantitative RT–PCR and immunohistochemical staining. We failed to find a positive association between VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 mRNA expression and lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. An immunohistological study demonstrated that VEGF-C was expressed not only in cancer cells, but also in macrophages in NSCLC, and that VEGFR-3 was expressed in cancer cells, macrophages, type II pneumocytes and lymph vessels. The VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 ratio of the node-positive group was significantly higher than that of the node-negative group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that VEGFR-3 was mainly expressed in cancer cells. The immunoreactivity of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was roughly correlated to the mRNA levels of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in real-time PCR. VEGF-C mRNA alone has no positive association with lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. The VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 ratio was positively associated with lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. This suggests that VEGF-C promotes lymph node metastasis while being influenced by the strength of the VEGF-C autocrine loop, and the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 ratio can be a useful predictor of lymph node metastasis in NSCLC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The balance of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 mRNA is a predictor of lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer

et al. 2006

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“…[17][18][19][20][21][22] In addition, NSCLC patients with nodal metastasis revealed higher serum VEGF-C levels than those without. 31 However, the association of tumor-cell VEGF-C and nodal metastasis in NSCLCs is still debated. Three studies reported positive associations of tumor-cell VEGF-C status with nodal metastasis in NSCLCs 17,18 and micrometastasis in Stage I NSCLCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor‐C and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 in patients with T1 lung adenocarcinoma

Kojima

Shijubo

Yamada

et al. 2005

Cancer

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The weight of characters is a crucial step in different population analyses. We propose a new formula to facilitate this while establishing a scale that follows the criteria of the probability of change in each character. This method is described for drawing of median‐joining networks, yet it could also be used for other methods in which the weight of the characters is required. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…In some cancers, circulating lymphangiogenic factors are increased compared to healthy individuals or patients with benign tumours, for example, VEGF-C in lung non-small-cell carcinoma (Tamura and Ohta, 2003). However, in ovarian carcinoma, breast carcinoma, cervix adenocarcinoma and head and neck carcinoma this seems not to be the case (Table 3).…”

Section: Other Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

First international consensus on the methodology of lymphangiogenesis quantification in solid human tumours

et al. 2006

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The lymphatic system is the primary pathway of metastasis for most human cancers. Recent research efforts in studying lymphangiogenesis have suggested the existence of a relationship between lymphatic vessel density and patient survival. However, current methodology of lymphangiogenesis quantification is still characterised by high intra-and interobserver variability. For the amount of lymphatic vessels in a tumour to be a clinically useful parameter, a reliable quantification technique needs to be developed. With this consensus report, we therefore would like to initiate discussion on the standardisation of the immunohistochemical method for lymphangiogenesis assessment. Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Metastatic cancer cells can escape from their site of origin and spread to distant organs through invasion of the vascular system and/or the lymphatic system. Tumour vascularisation is widely accepted as a bona fide indicator of tumour growth, metastases and patient survival. In 1996, Peter Vermeulen et al (1996) published a first international consensus on the methodology and criteria of the evaluation of angiogenesis quantification in solid tumours and 5 years later, a second consensus report, in which new concepts and mechanisms of tumour vascularisation were integrated, appeared (Vermeulen et al, 2002). Both reports were aimed at improving the standardisation of angiogenesis quantification in order to allow intratumourous microvessel density to be applied as a prognostic indicator and, moreover, as a reliable predictor of the risk of malignant transformation of premalignant lesions and of response to cancer treatment. Contrary to angiogenesis, the de novo formation of lymphatic vessels or lymphangiogenesis and its role in promoting the metastatic spread of tumour cells has only recently become a focal point of cancer research with an increasing number of studies showing a relationship between patient survival and lymphatic density in different tumour types. In order to confirm the potential prognostic value of lymphangiogenesis in patients with cancer, a quantification method that is characterised by a low intra-and interobserver variability needs to be developed. In this first consensus report, we would like to provide an overview of current concepts of the lymphatic vasculature and its regulating factors and propose guidelines for the estimation of the ongoing lymphangiogenesis in solid human tumour sections.

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Serum vascular endothelial growth factor‐C level in patients with primary nonsmall cell lung carcinoma

Cited by 62 publications

References 19 publications

The balance of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 mRNA is a predictor of lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer

The balance of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 mRNA is a predictor of lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer

Clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor‐C and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 in patients with T1 lung adenocarcinoma

First international consensus on the methodology of lymphangiogenesis quantification in solid human tumours

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