Serum Urate and Renal Function in Different Forms of Hypercalcemia

Abstract

In order to investigate the relationships between serum calcium, urate and kidney function, serum calcium, urate, creatinine and urea were measured at 100 occasions in hypercalcemic cancer patients together with 113 preoperative measurements in HPT subjects and 106 measurements in normocalcemic control persons. When compared to normocalcemic control subjects (serum urate 336 +/- 110 mumol/l) both HPT subjects (356 +/- 98 mmol/1, p less than 0.006) and the cancer patients (407 +/- 179 mmol/l, p less than 0.001) showed raised levels of serum urate. While serum urate was correlated to serum creatinine in all groups (r = 0.40-0.59, p less than 0.0001) a significant correlation to serum calcium was only seen in the HPT group (r = 0.28, p less than 0.004). This relation persisted also after correction for age, sex and serum creatinine in the multiple regression analysis. Serum creatinine was similar in all groups but significantly correlated to serum calcium only in the HPT subjects (r = 0.29, p less than 0.003). Serum urea was not significantly correlated to serum calcium in any of the groups but was elevated in the cancer group (8.3 +/- 4.4 vs 6.2 +/- 2.9 mumol/l in the control group, p less than 0.0001). This elevation in serum urea seen in the cancer patients might rather be explained by dehydration or catabolism than an impaired kidney function. In conclusion, while serum urate is related to the kidney function both in normo- and hypercalcemia, it also seems to be related to the hypercalcemia in HPT subjects but not in cancer patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Primary hyperparathyroidism is associated with a higher level of serum uric acid: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…A total of 61 articles were excluded at this stage as they did not report the outcomes of interest. Finally, nine cohort studies were included into the meta‐analysis . The study review and selection process are described in Figure .…”

“…Finally, nine cohort studies were included into the meta-analysis. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The study review and selection process are described in Figure 1. The basic characteristics of all included studies are summarized in Table 1.…”

“…F I G U R E 1 Study identification and literature review process TA B L E 1 Main characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis Broulik et al 13 Yamamoto et al 14 16 Delfini et al 17 Cases: Cases were patients with PHPT proven by histopathology after surgery who were recruited from the Endocrine Institute, Haemek Medical Center, Afula, Israel. Controls: Controls were age-and BMI-matched subjects without PHPT who were recruited from community-based health centers of the same geographic area.…”

Leishmania donovani Prevents Oxidative Burst-mediated Apoptosis of Host Macrophages through Selective Induction of Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) Proteins

“…Phagocytosis-Internalization of a pathogen into macrophages generally causes a huge oxidative burst that results in apoptosis of host cells toward clearance of pathogen burden (20). To determine whether the intra-macrophage parasite L. donovani can evade this strategy of host defense, thus protecting its niche for survival and replication, we measured the ROS production in macrophages infected with L. donovani during early hours of infection.…”

“…However, it is of interest to note that once internalized into macrophages, the parasite has to face severe oxidative stress inside the macrophages due to extensive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 2 (19). * This work was supported by Network Project Grant BSC 0206 and Supra Large quantities of ROS have been implicated as microbicidal agents in pathological situations and ultimately result in apoptosis of the macrophages harboring the pathogen, thereby resulting in parasite clearance (20). Although Leishmania promastigotes are susceptible to oxygen intermediates generated in vitro, they succeed in establishing infection either by avoiding or resisting the toxic effects of superoxide and other ROS generated during phagocytosis (21,22).…”