Serum total and specific IgE levels in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Koutsonikolis, Angelos; Nelson, Robert P.; Fernández-Caldas, Enrique; Brigino, Emerita N.; Seleznick, Mitchel J.; Good, Robert A.; Lockey, Richard F.

doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(96)70316-0

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Not only did the patient's symptoms decrease after treatment with dicloxacillin, his eosinophilia and IgE level decreased as well. Our patient had a CD4 count below 200 cells/µL and IgE levels greater than 5000 IU/mL, which is consistent with a previous report that demonstrated that high IgE levels are most likely seen in AIDS patients with low CD4 counts [6]. It is possible that S. aureus can act as a superantigen and trigger IgE release.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Psoriasis in HIV patients presents more severely and is associated with a worse outcome [3]. The skin cytokine expression in HIV patients is altered [4] and elevated levels of IgE, a hallmark of atopic disorders, were observed in HIVinfected adults and children [5][6][7]. Studies have shown that HIV glycoproteins can act as viral superantigens and contribute to the release of IgE and histamine, leading to a shift of the T cell response towards the Th2 phenotype [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyper IgE, Dermatitis and Staphylococcus aureus in an HIV-Positive Man

Shiu¹,

Wang

Ellis³

et al. 2015

J Infect Dis Ther

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyper IgE, Dermatitis and Staphylococcus aureus in an HIV-Positive Man

Shiu¹,

Wang

Ellis³

et al. 2015

J Infect Dis Ther

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“…A small proportion of such patients experience opportunistic infections (OIs) [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] [23,24]. High serum IgE levels are not associated with the production of allergen-specific IgE antibodies [25,26] and in some patients are associated with an immunodeficiency syndrome resembling hyper-IgE syndrome, where serum IgA levels may also be high [27]. Antiretroviral therapy only partly corrects the increased immunoglobulin production [28,29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to opportunistic infections in HIV‐infected patients with increased CD4 T‐cell counts on antiretroviral therapy may be predicted by markers of dysfunctional effector memory CD4 T cells and B cells

et al. 2007

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ObjectivesHIV-infected patients responding to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) after experiencing severe immunodeficiency may exhibit persistent immune defects and occasionally experience opportunistic infections (OIs) despite increased CD4 T-cell counts. The investigation of immune defects in such patients was examined in this study. Methods CD4 effector memory T-cell (T em -cell) function [assessed by blood cytomegalovirus (CMV)interferon-g (IFN-g) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot-forming cell assay (ELISPOT) counts] and B-cell dysregulation [assessed by serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgE levels] were examined in 27 patients with increased CD4 T-cell counts after receiving ART for over 2 years. Two of these patients and one other had developed OIs on ART and are described in detail. ResultsSerum levels of IgA and IgE were higher than reference intervals (Po0.001) and CMV IFN-g ELISPOT counts were lower than those in non-HIV-infected controls (Po0.001) in the HIV-infected patients. Low CMV IFN-g ELISPOT counts were associated with high IgA levels (r 5 À 0.5, P 5 0.01, Spearman's correlation test) and segregated with high IgE levels (P 5 0.06, Fisher's test). CMV IFN-g ELISPOT counts and serum IgA and IgE levels did not change significantly over a median time of 35 (range 8-60) months after the first measurement, whereas CD4 T-cell counts increased. All three patients who experienced OIs had repeatedly low CMV IFN-g ELISPOT counts and increased serum levels of IgA and/or IgE. ConclusionLow CD4 T em -cell function and B-cell dysregulation are immune defects that may persist independently of changes in the CD4 T-cell count in HIV-1-infected patients responding to ART and are associated with an increased risk of developing an OI. Introduction HIV-1-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) who had a nadir CD4 T-cell count below 50 cells/mL may have persistent immune dysfunction despite increased CD4 T-cell counts [1][2][3][4]. A small proportion of such patients experience opportunistic infections (OIs) [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] [23,24]. High serum IgE levels are not associated with the production of allergen-specific IgE antibodies [25,26] and in some patients are associated with an immunodeficiency syndrome resembling hyper-IgE syndrome, where serum IgA levels may also be high [27]. Antiretroviral therapy only partly corrects the increased immunoglobulin production [28,29]. High serum IgA levels in HIV-infected patients receiving ART are associated with B-cell activation [29], but the fundamental cause and significance of these abnormalities remain unclear.Here, we describe the clinical and immunological findings in three HIV-infected patients who experienced recurrent or de novo Aspergillus fumigatus and/or Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection whilst receiving long-term ART even though total CD4 T-cell counts had increased. We provide evidence that these patients had low CD4 T em -cell function associated with increased production of IgA a...

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“…Studies in various geographical regions have reported elevated serum IgE concentrations in HIV-1-infected adults [21, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33]and children [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27]. High IgE levels have been associated with disease progression in both children [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27]and adults [33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42]and have been suggested as a marker of poor prognosis in these patients.…”

Section: Th1 and Th2 Responses In Hiv-1 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there is no apparent relation between these two disorders, a number of features of HIV infection suggest that hypersensitivity arises in these patients. For example, the Th1 and Th2 cytokine profile is deranged in HIV-1 infection because of a shift towards Th2 cytokines [13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21], and serum IgE levels are raised in HIV-1-infected children [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27]and adults [21, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33]. Moreover, HIV-1-infected patients have enhanced symptoms of allergic disorders [34, 35, 36]and HIV-1 antigens induce histamine release from basophils [4, 37, 38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Mast Cells MASTers in HIV-1 Infection?

Marone

Paulis

Florio

et al. 2001

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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HIV-1 gp120 interacts with IgE V_H3⁺ on the surface of human basophils and mast cells (FcΕRI⁺ cells), acting as a viral immunoglobulin superantigen. gp120 from different clades induces mediator release from FcΕRI⁺ cells. gp120 also induces IL-4 and IL-13 synthesis in human basophils. The chemokine receptors CCR3 and CXCR4, which are coreceptors of HIV-1 infection, are expressed by human FcΕRI⁺ cells. HIV-1 Tat protein is a potent chemoattractant for basophils and lung mast cells, interacting with CCR3. Incubation of basophils with Tat protein upregulates the surface expression of the CCR3 receptor. There is evidence that human FcΕRI⁺ cells could be infected in vitro by M-tropic HIV-1 strains.

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Serum total and specific IgE levels in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus

Cited by 37 publications

References 23 publications

Hyper IgE, Dermatitis and Staphylococcus aureus in an HIV-Positive Man

Hyper IgE, Dermatitis and Staphylococcus aureus in an HIV-Positive Man

Susceptibility to opportunistic infections in HIV‐infected patients with increased CD4 T‐cell counts on antiretroviral therapy may be predicted by markers of dysfunctional effector memory CD4 T cells and B cells

Are Mast Cells MASTers in HIV-1 Infection?

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