Serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and cutaneous T cell–attracting chemokine (CTACK) levels in allergic diseasesTARC and CTACK are disease-specific markers for atopic dermatitis

Hijnen, DirkJan; Bruin‐Weller, Marjolein de; Oosting, Bert; Lebre, Cristina; Jong, Esther de; Bruijnzeel-Koomen, Carla A.F.M.; Knol, Edward F.

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2003.12.007

Cited by 235 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Toda et al (19) found that TGF-~l expression was markedly enhanced in both the acute and, particularly, chronic lesions ofAD and suggested that it was involved in the remodeling of the skin lesions in these patients. TGF-~l has also been shown to induce the down-regulation ofTARC/ CCL I7 in HeCat cells that were co-stimulated with TNF-a and IFN-y (20), and TARC/CCLl7 has been shown to be elevated in the serum of patients with AD (21). Thus, the decrease in serum levels ofTGF-I among the patients in our study could account for the observed improvement in symptoms, or it could be an indirect effect of the alterations in other cytokines.…”

Section: Outcomes Of Treatment Over the Study Period (A) Lesion Armentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study Evaluating the Clinical and Immunomodulatory Effects of an Orally Administered Extract ofDendrobium Huoshanensein Children with Moderate to Severe Recalcitrant Atopic Dermatitis

et al. 2011

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder for which few safe and effective systemic treatments are available. To test the clinical and immunomodulatory effects of a crude polysaccharide fraction isolated from Dendrobium huoshanense for the treatment of AD, we conducted a pilot, uncontrolled case series study. Twenty-seven patients aged 4-18 years (mean±SD, 10.82±4.4) with AD that had not responded to topical therapy were treated with polysaccharide derived from D. huoshanense for 4 weeks and followed-up for another 4 weeks. Progression of AD was determined with the Lund-Browder chart for children, the Investigator's Global Atopic Dermatitis Assessment (IGADA), and the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 8. Serum levels of cytokines were evaluated. Safety was determined with laboratory and clinical tests. The lesion area, IGADA score, total SCORAD result, and score for sleeplessness decreased significantly from weeks 0 to 4, but did not change significantly between weeks 4 and 8. The scores for subjective symptoms and pruritus decreased significantly from week 0 to week 4 and increased significantly from week 4 to week 8. Serum levels of IL-S, IL-13, IFN-y, and TGF-p1 decreased significantly between weeks 0 and 4 and between weeks 0 and 8. No significant difference in the levels of IL-10 was found. The polysaccharide from D. huoshanense reduced the levels of some cytokines associated with AD and had beneficial effects on symptoms. No serious adverse effects occurred when it was administered orally for 4 weeks.Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder that afflicts from 10%

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Section: Outcomes Of Treatment Over the Study Period (A) Lesion Armentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study Evaluating the Clinical and Immunomodulatory Effects of an Orally Administered Extract ofDendrobium Huoshanensein Children with Moderate to Severe Recalcitrant Atopic Dermatitis

et al. 2011

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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“…AD patients have the highest levels of IgE, when compared with other atopic diseases [13], indicating Th2 polarization at the site of B-cell activation. Moreover, of all allergic diseases, AD has the highest levels of CCL17 in serum [14]. CCL17 is a potent chemokine produced in the skin [14].…”

Section: Systemic Immune Responses In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, of all allergic diseases, AD has the highest levels of CCL17 in serum [14]. CCL17 is a potent chemokine produced in the skin [14]. In addition, it has been shown that there is an increased expression of the CCL17 receptor CCR4 on circulating T cells in eczema patients [15].…”

Section: Systemic Immune Responses In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Atopic dermatitis: A tale of two distinct pathomechanisms that make you itch

Knol

Hijnen

2016

Eur J Immunol

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease, with an incidence of more than 10% in children [1], decreasing to about 3% in the adult population [2]. AD is a chronic disease that can be difficult to control, both due to patient treatment compliance, as well as the unremitting underlying inflammatory process. Moisturizing ointments and topical corticosteroids are the main treatments to minimize dryness and limit inflammation and itchiness in these patients. Recently, the biological dupilumab, an antibody which blocks the receptor for IL-4 and IL-13, has been demonstrated to be a very potent treatment modality in AD. The use of dupilumab has been a breakthrough in the implementation of more targeted treatment of AD [3].Correspondence: Dr. Edward F. Knol e-mail: e.f.knol@umcutrecht.nl It is clear that AD is the result of local, as well as systemic, pathomechanisms. However, AD is considered mainly a Th2-driven systemic disease due to the fact that it is strongly associated with other atopic diseases, i.e. allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic asthma, and food allergy [4].The local skin response in AD Filaggrin (FLG) is an important structural protein required for epidermal barrier function through its role in the form and function of the stratum corneum [5]. Reduced FLG favors transepidermal water loss, allergen penetration and skin bacterial colonization [6]. Recently, it was demonstrated that FLG inhibits neo-antigen formation by the house-dust mite enzyme phospholipase [7]. It has been already known for some years that functional effects of profilaggrin and FLG loss in flaky tail mice results in a dry and flaky skin, resembling the skin of patients with ichthyosis vulgaris [8]. FLG-deficient mice displayed an increased permissiveness to epicutaneous sensitization with protein antigens such as ovalbumin [9]. FLG loss-of-function mutations are the strongest genetic risk factor in AD. It is estimated that up to 50% of patients with AD in diverse populations carry one or more FLG loss-of-function mutations [6]. It is also important to realize that, although null mutations in the FLG gene are the strongest and most reproducible genetic risk factors in AD in human, 60% of the carriers do not develop AD. In addition, more than half of the AD patients do not carry FLG mutations [6]. Therefore, other factors must also be involved in the pathogenesis of AD.The reduction in the integrity of the skin barrier results in increased penetration of allergens in the upper layers of the epidermis [9]. Subsequently, allergens are taken up by Langerhans cells, especially those that carry allergen-specific IgE on the high affinity Fc receptor for IgE (FcεRI), and then presented to T cells [10,11] (Fig. 1). The latter finding has frustrated the implication of rodent models for AD, because the FcεRI expression on antigen-presenting cells is much more difficult to establish in rodents [12]. Systemic immune responses in ADThere are marked immune responses in AD both within the innate and adaptiv...

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“…70,[106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117] CCL27 is a skin specific chemokine made by keratinocytes following induction by TNF-α and IL-1β. 108,118 The CCL27-CCR10 interaction plays an important role in controlling recruitment of memory T cells to the skin 108 though CCR4 has also been reported to play a role in this process, and skin homing CLA+ memory T cells have been shown to express CCR10 and CCR4.…”

Section: B Effector Cytokines and Chemokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical correlations of recent developments in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis

Sehra

Tuana

Holbreich

et al. 2008

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a steadily increasing prevalence affecting 10-20 % of infants and 1-3% of adults globally. It is often the first clinical manifestation of atopic disease preceding asthma and allergic rhinitis. Probably half of the children with atopic dermatitis develop some other form of atopic disease later in life. The pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of factors including genetic predisposition due to altered immune or skin barrier function, interactions with the environment such as food and allergen exposures, and infectious triggers of inflammation. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in understanding the contribution of different factors in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis and how insights provide new therapeutic potential for its treatment. Keywords: Asthma; Atopic Dermatitis, Eczema; Eosinophils; Genetics; Immunoglobulin E; Keratinocytes; Rhinitis, T-Lymphocytes Resumo: A dermatite atópica é uma doença cutânea inflamatória crônica cuja prevalência tem aumentado de forma constante, afetando 10-20% dos lactentes e 1-3% dos adultos em todo o mundo. Ela é freqüentemente a primeira manifestação clínica de doença atópica, precedendo a asma e a rinite alérgica. Provavelmente metade das crianças com dermatite atópica desenvolvem alguma

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Serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and cutaneous T cell–attracting chemokine (CTACK) levels in allergic diseasesTARC and CTACK are disease-specific markers for atopic dermatitis

Cited by 235 publications

References 40 publications

A Pilot Study Evaluating the Clinical and Immunomodulatory Effects of an Orally Administered Extract ofDendrobium Huoshanensein Children with Moderate to Severe Recalcitrant Atopic Dermatitis

A Pilot Study Evaluating the Clinical and Immunomodulatory Effects of an Orally Administered Extract ofDendrobium Huoshanensein Children with Moderate to Severe Recalcitrant Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis: A tale of two distinct pathomechanisms that make you itch

Clinical correlations of recent developments in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis

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