Serum Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in Chronic Urticaria Patients

Circulating level of CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ T cells in patients with chronic urticaria

“…Among the few studies on cytokine profiles of patients with CU there is a study that showed all Th1 and Th2 cytokines in both patients and controls were normal, except the IL‐12 concentration, which was higher in patients . Dos Santos et al ., demonstrated enhanced IL‐17 secretion levels in patients with CU with a positive skin test, by inducing T‐cell stimulus.…”

The role of cytokines in the pathomechanism of cutaneous disorders

“…In some cases of Acute Urticaria not responding to antihistamines, levels of circulating IL-6 are increased but levels of IL-8 and TNF-α are not increased. [ 42 ] In the late phase reaction (LPR), besides the mast cell-derived cytokines (IL-4, Il-5, IL-6, and IL-8),[ 43 ] cytokines are also secreted by eosinophils (IL-1, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, RANTES, and MIP-α)[ 43 ] basophils (IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, and MIP-1α)[ 44 ] neutrophils (IL-8) and Th2 lymphocytes (IL-1, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13). [ 43 ] IL-1 and IL-6 activate lymphocytes.…”

“…[ 42 ] In the late phase reaction (LPR), besides the mast cell-derived cytokines (IL-4, Il-5, IL-6, and IL-8),[ 43 ] cytokines are also secreted by eosinophils (IL-1, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, RANTES, and MIP-α)[ 43 ] basophils (IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, and MIP-1α)[ 44 ] neutrophils (IL-8) and Th2 lymphocytes (IL-1, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13). [ 43 ] IL-1 and IL-6 activate lymphocytes. IL-4 and IL-5 with the help of IL-9 and IL-13 cause increased IgE production, help in the recruitment of eosinophils, and support a Th2 environment for LPR.…”