Serum Sialic Acid Levels and Selected Mineral Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether altered serum total sialic acid (TSA), lipid-associated sialic acid (LSA), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and magnesium (Mg) levels had an interactive connection with diabetes and also whether they were correlated with each other in diabetic patients. Two study groups (control and type 2 diabetic subjects) were included. Two hundred patients (108 female and 92 male), diagnosed and treated for type 2 diabetes in the Yuzuncu Yil University Hospital (Van, Turkey), were selected consecutively to represent type 2 diabetic patients. Fifty healthy individuals (29 female and 21 male) served as the control group matched for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status were selected from hospital staff and other outpatient clinics. All participants had not taken vitamin or mineral supplements for at least 2 wk before sampling. Blood samples were drawn after an overnight fasting in both groups for the determination of serum glucose, TSA, LSA, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Fe, and Mg. It was found that diabetics had higher TSA, LSA, Fe, Mn, Fe/Zn, and Cu/Zn levels, and lower Zn and Mg levels than those of controls. Although, Cu levels were higher, and Cr levels were lower in total and male diabetic patients, they were not different in female diabetic patients than in controls. The Cu/Fe ratio was lower in total and female diabetic patients, but not different in male diabetic patients than controls. The Zn/Cr ratio, on the other hand, was not different in diabetics than in controls. There was only a positive correlation between Fe-Mn levels in male diabetic patients. There was a negative correlation in LSA-Mn, Fe-Cu, Cu-Fe/Zn, and Mn-Cu/Zn levels in total diabetic patients. There was a positive correlation in TSA-Cr, TSA-Mg, LSA-Cu/Fe, LSA-Zn/Cr levels, and a negative correlation in TSA-Cu/Zn, LSA-Mn, Fe-Cu, Mn-Cu, Cu-Fe/Zn, Fe-cholesterol, and Cr-cholesterol in female diabetic patients. Our results showed that TSA, LSA, and selected minerals have interactive connections with diabetes mellitus (DM). There are also many sex-related positive or negative correlations between the altered parameters in diabetic patients. These parameters might be used as diagnostic index in patients with DM.

Evaluation of the effect of simultaneous infection with E. coli O2 and H9N2 influenza virus on inflammatory factors in broiler chickens

“…14,46 Significant increase in total, lipid-bound and protein-bound sialic acids were observed in broilers infected with infectious bronchitis. 21 In the study of Mosleh et al 47 increase in total, lipid-bound and protein-bound sialic acids concentrations were reported after omphalitis in Japanese quail.…”

“…[12][13][14] The majority of sialic acids are found in either protein-bound (PBSA) or lipidbound (LBSA) forms, while a small amount is in the free form. In addition, sialic acids are localized at the end chain of many acute-phase proteins (APPs) and are present in normal serum of human and animals; 12,13 their content in serum is changed in various diseases.…”

“…In addition, sialic acids are localized at the end chain of many acute-phase proteins (APPs) and are present in normal serum of human and animals; 12,13 their content in serum is changed in various diseases. 14,15 Therefore, the detection of sialic acid may be a valuable indicator for the diagnosis and prognosis of inflammatory diseases. 14,15 This research was conducted to assess the inflammatory mediators in simultaneous infection with avian H9N2 influenza virus and E. coli O2 in broilers.…”

“…14,15 Therefore, the detection of sialic acid may be a valuable indicator for the diagnosis and prognosis of inflammatory diseases. 14,15 This research was conducted to assess the inflammatory mediators in simultaneous infection with avian H9N2 influenza virus and E. coli O2 in broilers.…”

Decreased serum sialic acid, albumin-globulin ratio and total protein levels in cattle heavily infected with Theileria annulata

“…Sialic acids are often involved in important cell surface communications and infection processes. Particularly, sialic acids are present in normal serum of human and animals that their content in serum has been changed in various diseases (1,4,9,14,16).…”