Serum serotonin, lactate and pyruvate levels in infantile autistic children

The need for a comprehensive molecular characterization of autism spectrum disorders

“…Criteria for selection included requirements that the molecule must be mentioned by at least two different authors, using two or more techniques and should be changed (increased or decreased). Note that most of the robust changes were found for small molecules, with ferritin being the only robust protein identified 19 , 2 , 6 ↔ Plasma, serum, blood 19 (Schain and Freedman, 1961;Cook et al, 1988;Leventhal et al, 1990;Piven et al, 1991;Naffah-Mazzacoratti et al, 1993;László et al, 1994;Bouvard et al, 1995;Warren et al, 1996;Croonenberghs et al, 2000;Marazziti et al, 2000;Spivak et al, 2004;Connors et al, 2006;Cross et al, 2008;Hranilović et al, 2009; Table 3. Altered proteins and small molecules found in molecular profiling studies of autism spectrum disorder using criteria that the molecules were identified in only a single report.…”

“…al., 2011) IL-12p40 2 , 0 , 0 ↔ Plasma 2(Ashwood et al, 2010;Ashwood et al, 2011) )(Sweeten et al, 2004;Saresella et al, 2009;Schwarz et al, 2010;Ashwood et al, 2011;Manzardo et al) (Singh et al, 1991;Ashwood et al, 2011; Manzardo et alet al, 2010;Ashwood et al, 2011; Goines et alet al, 2010;Ashwood et al, 2011;Goines et al) (Ashwood et al, 2010;Ashwood et al, 2011;El-Ansary et al, 2011; Manzardo et alet al, 2000;Aldred et al, 2003;Arnold et al, 2003;Adams et al, 2011;Shimmura et al, 2011) Lactate 6 , 0 , 1 ↔ Serum, plasma 7(Moreno et al, 1992;László et al, 1994;Chugani et al, 1999;Oliveira et al, 2005;Weissman et al., 2008; Al-Mosalem et al, 2009; Giulivi et al, 2010) Leptin 6 , 0 , 1 ↔ Plasma, brain 4 (7 projects) (Vargas et al, 2005; Ashwood et al, 2008; Blardi et al, 2009; Blardi et al, 2010) Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α 0 , 1 , 2 ↔ Plasma 3 (Ashwood et al, 2010; Manzardo et al, 2012) Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β 1 , 1 , 1 ↔ Plasma 3 (Ashwood et al, 2010; Manzardo et al, 2012) Mitochondrial electron transport chain V 3 , 6 , 0 ↔ Brain 3 (9 projects) (Purcell et al, 2001; Sajdel-Sulkowska et al, 2011; Young et al, 2011) Oxytocine receptor (OXTR) 0 , 1 , 1 ↔ Brain 2 (Purcell et al, 2001; Fatemi et al, 2005) Oxytocin 0 , 3 , 0 ↔ Plasma 3 (Modahl et al, 1998; Green et al, 2001; Al-Ayadhi, 2005) Prolactin (PRL) 1 , 0 , 2 ↔ Serum, plasma 3 (Curin et al, 2003; Iwata et al, 2011) Protein kinase A (PKA) activity 6 , 1 , 5 ↔ Brain 3 (12 projects) (Fatemi et al, 2008; Palmieri, 2010; Garcia et al, 2012) RANTES (CCL5) 2 , 2 , 1 ↔ Plasma 3 (5 projects) (Ashwood et al, 2010; Ashwood et al, 2011) Reelin (Rln)6 , 3 , 5 ↔ Brain 2 (14 projects)(Lee et al, 2002;Fatemi et al, 2011) Superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 , 1 , 1 ↔ Plasma, blood 3(Yorbik et al, 2002;Söğüt et al, 2003;Al-Gadani et al, 2009) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) 0 , 0 , 3 ↔ Serum 3…”

“…Despite this, initial studies have shown promise, and several molecular pathways have been implicated. These include serotonin-, (Schain and Freedman, 1961;Cook et al, 1988;Naffah-Mazzacoratti et al, 1993;László et al, 1994;Bouvard et al, 1995;Warren and Singh, 1996;Mössner and Lesch, 1998;Piven and Palmer, 1999;Narita et al, 2002;Yochum et al, 2008;Ahern, 2011;Azmitia et al, 2011;El-Ansary et al, 2011;Kuroda et al, 2011;Mostafa and Al-Ayadhi, 2011) dopamine-, (El-Ansary et al, 2011) norepinephrine-, (Lake et al, 1977;Launay et al, 1987;Bouvard et al, 1995) glutamate- (Moreno et al, 1992;Purcell et al, 2001;Aldred et al, 2003;Zeng et al, 2007;Marshall et al, 2008;Schütt et al, 2009;…”

“…Weissman et al, 2008; Al-Mosalem et alet al, 2004, Geier andGeier, 2006;James et al, 2006;Correia et al, 2009;James et al, 2009; Geier et al, 2009a,b;Pastural et al, 2009;Paşca et al, 2009; Shimmura et alet al, 2002;Dosman et al, 2006; Hergüner et alet al, 1992;D'Eufemia et al, 1995;Moreno-Fuenmayor et al, 1996;Aldred et al, 2003;Shinohe et al, 2006;Adams et al, 2011; Shimmura et alet al, 1992;László et al, 1994;Chugani et al, 1999;Oliveira et al, 2005;Weissman et al, 2008;Al-Mosalem et al, 2009; Giulivi et alet al, 2004;El-Ansary et al, 2010) Methionine 0 , 10 , 4 ↔ Plasma and serum (1x) 11(D'Eufemia et al, 1995;Arnold et al, 2003;James et al, 2004;Geier and Geier, 2006;James et al, 2006;Correia et al, 2009;James et al, 2009;Paşca et al, 2009;Pastural et al, 2009;Adams et al, 2011; Shimmura et al, 2011) Nitric oxide (NO) 3 , 0 , 0 ↔ Plasma and blood 3(Söğüt et al, 2003; Tostes et al, 2012) Serotonin (5HT) …”

Mitochondrial Enzyme Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders; A Novel Biomarker Revealed From Buccal Swab Analysis

“…in ASD[17][18][19][20]. A number of case reports and small pilot studies have reported alterations in mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) function including abnormalities in RC enzyme activities[1][2][3][4].…”