Serum Retinol, Iron Status and Body Composition of Lactating Women in Nandi, Kenya

Ettyang, Grace; Lichtenbelt, Wouter D. van Marken; Oloo, Aggrey J.

doi:10.1159/000072400

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…O conteúdo de vitamina A no leite humano é variável e possivelmente influenciado pela ingestão materna e por fatores como idade na concepção e no pós-parto, paridade e situação socioeconômica da mãe 5 . Apesar de a literatura apontar possível interferência dos fatores socioeconômicos sobre a concentração de vitamina A no leite materno, são escassos trabalhos que avaliem tais associações.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Vitamin A concentration in mature human milk

Souza¹,

Saunders²,

Dolinsky³

et al. 2012

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objective: To quantify vitamin A levels in mature milk of 196 nursing women who were treated at the Maternity School of Rio de Janeiro and to evaluate its correlation with sociodemographic variables and degree of nutrition knowledge. Methods:To quantify retinol concentrations, 10 mL of mature milk were collected by manual expression of one breast, 2 hours after the last feed, in the morning period. Values below 1.05 µmol/L and 2.3 µmol/L were considered inadequate to meet satisfactory intake and to constitute vitamin A liver reserve, respectively. The following variables were also assessed: sex, age, familiar income, maternal education, basic sanitation conditions, number of people in the household, maternal age, prenatal care, and degree of nutrition knowledge.Results: Among the 196 lactating mothers analyzed, the average vitamin A concentration observed in mature milk was 1.76±0.85 µmol/L and prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was observed in 20.5% mothers. There was no significant difference between vitamin A levels in maternal milk and the variables socioeconomic status and nutrition knowledge. Only 38.9% of lactating women presented enough vitamin A concentrations in milk for the infants' liver reserves (2.3 µmol/L). Conclusion:These findings reveal high prevalence of inadequate vitamin A nutritional status of mothers and infants, consistent with the national prevalence reported in women of childbearing age and Brazilian children, and that the intervention measures to fight this shortage should be extended to all pregnant and postpartum women, regardless of sociodemographic conditions and degree of nutrition knowledge, in order to improve the health of mother and child.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2012;88(6):496-502: Vitamin A, human milk, income, maternal education. ResumoObjetivo: Quantificar a concentração de vitamina A no leite maduro de nutrizes assistidas em maternidade pública no município do Rio de Janeiro e avaliar a sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas e grau de conhecimento de nutrição.Métodos: Para a quantificação do retinol, foram coletadas amostras de 10 mL de leite maduro. Os pontos de corte adotados para identificação da deficiência de vitamina A e constituição de reserva hepática foram de < 1,05 µmol/L e ≥ 2,3 µmol/L, respectivamente. Foram avaliadas, ainda, as variáveis: grau de conhecimento de nutrição, sexo, idade, renda familiar, escolaridade, condições de saneamento básico, número de moradores na residência, idade materna e assistência pré-natal. Resultados:Participaram do estudo 196 nutrizes, com concentração média de vitamina A no leite maduro de 1,76±0,85 µmol/L e prevalência de 20,5% de deficiência de vitamina A. Não houve diferença na concentração de vitamina A no leite das nutrizes segundo as variáveis sociodemográficas e conhecimento de nutrição. Apenas 38,9% das nutrizes apresentavam concentração de vitamina A no leite suficiente para constituição de reserva hepática dos lactentes. Conclusão:Os achados aqui apresentados revelam alta prevalên-cia de inadequação do estado nu...

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Vitamin A concentration in mature human milk

Souza¹,

Saunders²,

Dolinsky³

et al. 2012

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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“…Hb and Hct increased (p > 0.05) across BMI quartiles in adult Iranian women between the ages 15 and 49 years (Paknahad et al, 2008). Ettyang et al (2003) reported no significant difference (p < 0.05) in BMI among lactating Kenyan women at different levels of iron depletion (as defined by ferritin), but Hb was shown to increase with increasing BMI. In the report by Famodu and Awodu (2009) Hct increased with increasing BMI and WHR in Nigerian women with an average age of 59 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…On the contrary, reports from Peru and Egypt showed that the odds of anemia decreased with increasing BMI in adult premenopausal women, while in women from Mexico, no significant variation in odds of anemia with change in BMI was found (Eckhardt et al, 2008). Additionally, Hct increased with increasing BMI in Nigerian women (Famodu and Awodu, 2009), and BMI of lactating women from Kenya was not significantly associated with ferritin concentration (Ettyang et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Eight studies met the inclusion criteria (Ettyang et al, 2003;Nemati et al, 2007;Eckhardt et al, 2008;Paknahad et al, 2008;Eftekhari et al, 2009;Famodu and Awodu, 2009;Aderibigbe et al, 2011aAderibigbe et al, , 2011b. The publication year ranged from 2003 to 2010.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of the studies were conducted in adolescent girls (Nemati et al, 2007;Eftekhari et al, 2009), five in adult women who were neither pregnant nor lactating (Eckhardt et al, 2008;Paknahad et al, 2008;Famodu and Awodu, 2009;Aderibigbe et al, 2011aAderibigbe et al, , 2011b, and one in lactating women (Ettyang et al, 2003). Five of the studies included ferritin as a measure of iron status (Ettyang et al, 2003;Nemati et al, 2007;Eftekhari et al, 2009;Aderibigbe et al, 2011aAderibigbe et al, , 2011b. Paknahad et al (2008) and Nemati et al (2007) only used Hb and Hct, while Famodu and Awodu (2009) used Hct only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Relationship Between Iron Status and Adiposity in Women from Developing Countries: A Review

Aderibigbe

Pisa

Vorster

et al. 2013

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Scientific reports have shown that iron deficiency is positively associated with adiposity. With the high prevalence of iron deficiency and obesity in developing countries and women being particularly affected, this review was carried out with the aim of elucidating the link between iron status and adiposity in women from developing countries and to examine factors influencing this relationship. An extensive literature search was conducted using several search engines. A systematic approach with prespecified inclusion criteria was used in selecting relevant literature. Eight studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for review. The relationship between iron status indices and adiposity in women in developing countries varied widely. While some studies observed negative relationships, some reported positive relationships, and others no significant relationships. Furthermore, other factors such as infection, alcohol consumption, type of diet, and genes were shown to affect the relationship between iron status and adiposity in women in developing countries. In conclusion, the possibility of iron status playing a role in adiposity in women from developing countries is likely, and it may be influenced by several other factors as described in the results. Thus, it is recommended that a special research effort should be directed toward this area.

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Vitamin A dynamics in breastmilk and liver stores: A life history perspective

Fujita

Shell‐Duncan

Ndemwa

et al. 2011

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives Newborns are dependent on breastmilk vitamin A for building hepatic stores of vitamin A that will become critical for survival after weaning. It has been documented that vitamin A concentrations in breastmilk decline across the first year postpartum in both well-nourished and malnourished populations. The reason for this decline has been assumed to be a sign of concurrently depleting maternal hepatic stores. This study investigates this assumption to clarify why the decline occurs, drawing on life history theory. Methods A cross sectional survey was conducted among lactating mothers in Kenya in 2006. Data were used to examine (1) the relationship between liver vitamin A and time, (2) if the relationship between milk and liver vitamin A varies by time, and (3) by maternal parity. Results The relationship between liver vitamin A and time fits the quadratic pattern with marginal significance (P = 0.071, n = 192); the liver vitamin A declined during early postpartum then recovered in late postpartum time, controlling covariates. The milk-liver vitamin A relationship varied by postpartum time periods (P = 0.03) and by maternal parity (P = 0.005). Mothers in earlier postpartum or higher parity had a stronger positive relationship between milk and liver vitamin A than mothers in later postpartum or lower parity. Conclusions Our observations are consistent with life history tradeoffs and negate the assumption that maternal hepatic and milk vitamin A decline together. Rather, maternal liver vitamin A has a dynamic relationship with milk vitamin A, particularly depending on postpartum time and maternal parity.

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Serum Retinol, Iron Status and Body Composition of Lactating Women in Nandi, Kenya

Cited by 31 publications

References 20 publications

Vitamin A concentration in mature human milk

Vitamin A concentration in mature human milk

The Relationship Between Iron Status and Adiposity in Women from Developing Countries: A Review

Vitamin A dynamics in breastmilk and liver stores: A life history perspective

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