Serum Protein Zone Electrophoresis—An Outmoded Test?

Whicher, J T; Spence, C E

doi:10.1177/000456328702400202

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Separation of serum proteins on cellulose acetate/agarose by Thoroughhreds; I sd electrophoresis has long been used to help in the diagnosis of disease in man. The measurement of individual proteins by immunoassay has greatly enhanced the diagnostic value of serum proteins in human medicine and in many instances has superceded the use of electrophoresis (Whicher and Spence 1987). In the horse an increase in alpha2 globulin concentration has been noted with an increase in alpha2 macroglobulin (in kidney failure: unpublished data), IgG(T) (parasitic infections; Round 1970, monoclonal gammopathy;Kent and Roberts 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of an immunoturbidimetric method for measuring equine serum haptoglobin concentrations

Kent

Goodall

1991

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Serum haptoglobin was measured by immunoturbidity in Thoroughbreds stabled in three Newmarket yards for nine months. The mean serum haptoglobin value for horses housed in Stable 1 was 1.43 ± 0.68 g/litre, similar to values in grazing adult ponies. The mean monthly haptoglobin values remained constant. For horses in Stable 2 there was an increase in serum haptoglobin values in June and July whereas, in Stable 3, the increases early in the training season were associated with an increase in serum viral titres. In equine serum, haptoglobin values estimated in g/litre by immunoturbidimetry were twice the haemoglobin binding capacity (HbBC). The correlation coefficient, between the methods, exceeded 0.96. Surgical interference caused a 2‐ to 3‐fold increase in serum haptoglobin, with levels peaking between three and five days post surgery. The concomitant presence of haematomata following surgical interference (castration) resulted in the disappearance of haptoglobin from the circulation. There was no significant increase in serum haptoglobin levels following vaccination of Thoroughbreds against influenza and tetanus. However inhalation of influenza virus by vaccinated and non‐vaccinated ponies resulted in a 2‐ to 3‐ fold increase in both groups of ponies, peaking seven to 10 days post infection. Serum haptoglobin proved to be a useful indicator of infection/ inflammation and haemolytic disease in the horse and could be used to monitor the health status of stabled Thoroughbreds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of an immunoturbidimetric method for measuring equine serum haptoglobin concentrations

Kent

Goodall

1991

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Chronic renal failure (11) Principal clinical diagnosis Diabetes mellitus (1) Polymyalgia rheumatica (I) Renal amyloidosis (1) Other conditions Alcoholic hepatitis (3) Diabetes mellitus (2) Lung carcinoma (1) Proximal myopathy (1) Cold agglutinins (1) Depression (1) Multiinfarct dementia (1) Hypertension (I) Chronic renal failure (8) Nephrotic (4) (11)…”

Section: Principal Clinical Diagnosis and Other Conditions Associatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nephrotic syndrome Acute myeloid leukaemia Tuberculosis (7) Chronic renal failure SLE (1) Myocardial infarction (I)…”

Section: Myelomamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Associations of an Increased Transthyretin Band in Routine Serum and Urine Protein Electrophoresis

Tormey

O'Brien

1993

Ann Clin Biochem

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SUMMARY. The 9697 electrophoretograms performed over an 8 year period were reviewed to identify the frequency and clinical associations of the finding of a prominent transthyretin band in serum or urine, the concentration of which was equal to or greater than a 64 mg/dL protein calibrator. All samples were electrophoresed at a constant 90 V using agarose gels with a barbital buffer pH 8' 6 and Ponceau S staining. Reference calibrators were used as standards to identify increased transthyretin bands and the patients' clinical records were subsequently reviewed.High values were found in 46 patients' sera and a further nine patients' urines representing 0'57l1Jo of the total workload. Renal impairment was present in 58% of cases including those with chronic renal failure, the nephrotic syndrome and paraproteinaemia. The high levels were not persistent in three myeloma cases where there was a recovery in renal function following chemotherapy. In some nephrotics, a high urine transthyretin may be secondary to a general hepatic albumin and transport protein synthesis response to severe proteinuria. Why the serum transthyretin was elevated in many other cases remains unclear. Additional key phrases: chronic renal failure; nephrotic syndrome; paraproteinaemiaA transthyretin (formerly prealbumin) band may be seen migrating towards the anode ahead of albumin with good quality electrophoresis systems but it is usually not visualized in routine serum protein electrophoretograms using agarose gels or cellulose acetate membranes, and its low serum concentration is not quantifiable by densitometry. Zone electrophoresis is used to detect the specific pathological changes found with paraproteins, and with clinically significant o l-antitrypsin deficiency. It is also used as a screen for paraproteins, for detecting protein changes in liver disease and in the quantitation of monoclonal immunoglobulins where immunochemica1methods overestimate the level of pathological protein.l-' However, with the availability of quantitative kits for specific protein measurement, zone electrophoresis now has little to offer other than the identification and quantitation of paraproteins.Transthyretin is used in nutritional assessment3.4 and is a negative acute phase reactant.

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“…2 It was often used as an addition to a standard liver function test pro¢le, tending to be discarded for this purpose as speci¢c protein analysis became more available and as the sheer numbers precluded this as a logistic possibility. One of the outcomes of this process was to detect paraproteins that were not suspected clinically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%