Serum Protein-Bound 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine and Related Products of Protein Oxidation and Chronic Hemodialysis

Sutherland, W. H. F.; Gieseg, Steven P.; Walker, Robert; Jong, Sylvia A. de; Firth, Carole A.; Scott, Nicola

doi:10.1081/jdi-120026035

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Further oxidation of PB-DOPA by hydroxyl radicals may lead to the production of proteinbound (PB)-5SCD by combining DOPAquinone residue with cysteine residue [9] . Some HD patients were found to have elevated levels of PB-DOPA [8] . Pigmentation normally takes place within melanosomes, specific organelles present in melanocytes, and proceeds under the control of many pigmentary genes, including tyrosinase [10] .…”

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Serum Levels of Pigmentation Markers Are Elevated in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Murakami¹,

Wakamatsu

Nakanishi

et al. 2007

Blood Purif

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Background: Diffuse hyperpigmentation is common among patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis (HD). We have examined serum levels of 5-S-cysteinyldopa (5SCD, a pheomelanin precursor), pheomelanin, eumelanin, and protein-bound (PB-) 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and PB-5SCD in HD patients. Methods: Pheomelanin and eumelanin were assayed by chemical degradation methods. Results: Serum levels of free 5SCD in HD patients (n = 16) were 9-fold higher than in healthy controls (n = 16). Levels of pheomelanin in HD patients were 2.6-fold higher than in controls, while levels of eumelanin did not differ between HD patients and controls. Levels of PB-DOPA and PB-5SCD in HD patients were approximately 1.5-fold higher than in controls. Serum levels of free 5SCD were positively correlated to the duration of HD therapy. Conclusions: The high constitutive levels of free 5SCD, pheomelanin, and PB-DOPA in the blood may be deteriorating in HD patients through the production of reactive oxygen species.

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“…rosine residues [8] . Further oxidation of PB-DOPA by hydroxyl radicals may lead to the production of proteinbound (PB)-5SCD by combining DOPAquinone residue with cysteine residue [9] .…”

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Serum Levels of Pigmentation Markers Are Elevated in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Murakami¹,

Wakamatsu

Nakanishi

et al. 2007

Blood Purif

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“…α-Tocopherol (vitamin E) was determined by hexane extraction of the homogenates, drying under nitrogen and analysis of methanol-solubilised hexane residue by reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection [13]. Protein-bound DOPA was determined by gas-phase acid hydrolysis of acetonedelipidated plaque homogenates before HPLC analysis as previously described [25,26].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of neopterin, cholesterol, oxidised lipids [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)], α-tocopherol (vitamin E) and protein-bound 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) was determined in the individual sections to generate a profile of the various analytes along the length of the plaques. Protein-bound DOPA was analysed as it is a product of both hydroxyl radical- [25] and HOCl [26]-mediated protein oxidation and has been previously identified in atherosclerotic plaques [27].…”

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confidence: 99%

Neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin are generated within atherosclerotic plaques

et al. 2015

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AbstractPlasma neopterin correlates with the level of cardiovascular disease. Neopterin is the oxidation product of 7,8-dihydroneopterin, which is released by γ-interferon-stimulated macrophages. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin is a potent antioxidant, which inhibits lipid oxidation, macrophage cell death and scavenger receptor CD36 expression. The concentration of neopterin within atherosclerotic plaques was measured in tissue removed from carotid and femoral arteries. The excised plaques were cut into 3-mm-thick sections, and each section was analysed for neopterin, total neopterin, cholesterol, lipid peroxides, α-tocopherol and protein-bound 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. Selected plaques were placed in tissue culture, and the media was analysed for 7,8-dihydroneopterin and neopterin release. Total neopterin levels ranged from 14 to 18.8 nmol/g of tissue. Large ranges of values were seen both within the same plaque and between plaques. No correlation between neopterin and any of the other analytes was observed, nor was there any significant trend in levels along the length of the plaques. γ-Interferon stimulation of cultured plaque generated total neopterin concentrations from 1 to 4 nmol/(g 24 h). The level of 7,8-dihydroneopterin generated within the plaque was within the range that inhibits lipid oxidation. The data show that atherosclerotic plaques are extremely dynamic in biochemistry and are the likely source of the plasma 7,8-dihydroneopterin and neopterin.

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“…Second, generation of several of the members of this group, e.g. eumelanin, protein-bound 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-S-cysteinyldopa [11][12][13] , is the result of oxidative processes. Since a large fraction of uremic patients, especially those on dialysis, suffer from a protracted micro-inflammatory state [14] resulting in oxidative free radical production [15] , the generation of several of the pigmentation markers is thus facilitated by the uremic condition, and this sequence of events might by itself be a suitable explanation for a large proportion of hyperpigmentation observed in chronic kidney disease.…”

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confidence: 99%