Serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations and predictors of exposure among pregnant African American women in the Atlanta area, Georgia

Chang, Che-Jung; Ryan, P. Barry; Smarr, Melissa M.; Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Panuwet, Parinya; Dunlop, Anne L.; Corwin, Elizabeth J.; Barr, Dana Boyd

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110445

Cited by 54 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…This ongoing, prospective birth cohort enrolls pregnant AAs between 6-17 weeks gestation at Emory Midtown Hospital and Grady Hospital, which serve socioeconomically diverse populations in Atlanta, Georgia, and extends dyad follow-up through age five. Additional information regarding the cohort profile and data collection is described in detail elsewhere [23,24]. Participants were eligible for inclusion if they self-identified as AA, born in the US, between 18 -40 years old, pregnant with a singleton pregnancy, fluent in English, and had no chronic medical conditions [50].…”

Section: Study Design and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clearly, the higher and disparate exposures that African Americans (AAs) experience in the US population puts them at greater risk of developing environmentally-related disease, in addition to the disadvantages they experience from structural racism and environmental injustice [19][20][21][22]. Despite the racial inequities apparent in chemical exposures in the United States, few studies have focused on population-based exposures in AAs in the Southeast despite regional differences in climate, housing, population density, culture, and racial/ethnic composition [23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Legacy Chemical Pollutants in House Dust of Pregnant African Americans in Atlanta

Barr¹,

Johnson²,

Cohen³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We developed and applied a method for measuring selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) [i.e, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] in dust collected from pregnant African Americans (AAs) in Atlanta. Our method used a liquid-liquid extraction followed by cleanup using a Florisil solid phase extraction car-tridge. We analyzed the extracts using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electron impact ionization and multiple reaction monitoring. Quantification was achieved using isotope dilution calibration. Limits of quantification were ranged from 0.10-2.50 ng/g dust. NIST standard reference material measurements demonstrated the robustness of our method. Our ac-curacies ranged from 82-108%, relative standard deviations ranged from 2-16%, and extraction recoveries ranged from 76-102%. We measured POPs in dust collected from 34 homes of pregnant AAs participating in the Atlanta AA birth cohort study who were enrolled from 2016-2019. Concentrations of POPs were detected in all samples with the frequencies of detection ranging from 8-100%. Concentrations of PBDE congeners 99 and 47, p,p’-DDT, and PCB153 were detected at some of the highest concentrations with geometric means of 1270, 730, 63.4 and 240 ng/g, re-spectively. The ratio of DDT/DDE was quite large (~2.7) indicating that p,p’-DDT remains intact in homes for long periods of time. These data demonstrate that care should be taken to remediate POPs in indoor dust, especially in vulnerable, disparate segments of the population.

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Section: Study Design and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legacy Chemical Pollutants in House Dust of Pregnant African Americans in Atlanta

Barr¹,

Johnson²,

Cohen³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Applying cosmetics and personal care products has been identified as a potential source of perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and PFOS in breast milk, respectively . Applying foundation has been linked to higher serum levels of PFOA and PFNA . These studies demonstrate an important emerging connection between use of cosmetics and personal care products and the levels and distribution of long-chain PFAS in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted and Suspect Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products

Harris

Munoz

Woo

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic chemicals reported in cosmetics and personal care products as ingredients, possible impurities in the raw material manufacturing process, or degradation products. The purpose of this study was to further delineate contributions of these varying PFAS sources to these products. Thirty-eight cosmetics and personal care products were selected and analyzed for polyfluoroalkyl phosphates (PAPs), perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), fluorotelomer sulfonic acids (FTSAs), and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) using targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). A subset of products was also subjected to suspect screening using LC–high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for >200 compounds. Results of LC–MS/MS and LC–HRMS indicated a predominant and ubiquitous presence of PAPs (detection frequency 99.7%, mean and median ΣPAPs 1 080 000 and 299 ng/g). Total median PFCA and PFSA concentrations were 3 and 38 times lower, respectively. There were significant correlations (Spearman’s correlation coefficients = 0.60–0.81, p < 0.05) between 6:2 PAPs and their biotransformation products. Low levels of other PFAS classes were detected, including those previously measured in wastewater and human blood (e.g., hydrido-PFCAs), and five compounds associated with aqueous film-forming foams. Overall, these data highlight that cosmetics and personal care products can contain a breadth of PFAS at extremely high levels, leading to human and environmental exposure.

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“…Prior studies have identified demographic metrics such as income, race and ethnicity, marital status, and age as significant determinants for PFAS exposure in women in the United States. Higher income is often associated with higher serum levels, which is mainly attributed to consumer product use or dietary differences [4,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Inconsistent correlations have been shown between maternal education level and PFAS exposure [12][13][14]16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic and demographic variability in serum PFAS concentrations for pregnant women in the United States

Thomas

Mullikin

Slover

et al. 2023

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Background While major pathways of human PFAS exposure are thought to be drinking water and diet, other pathways and sources have also been shown to contribute to a person’s cumulative exposure. However, the degree of contribution of these other sources to PFAS body burdens is still not well understood and occurrence data for PFAS in conssumer products and household materials are sparse. Questionnaire data concordant with biomonitoring may improve understanding of associations between other PFAS exposure pathways and exposure in human populations. Objective This study aims to better understand maternal and early-life exposures to PFAS from various potential sources and pathways in the context of household and community level characteristics. Methods PFAS data from the National Children’s Study (NCS) Vanguard Data and Sample Archive Access System were analyzed from serum of 427 pregnant women residing in 7 counties throughout the United States. Location and self-reported questionnaire responses were used to analyze variability in serum concentrations based on demographics, housing characteristics, behaviors, and geography. Spatial mapping analyses incorporated publicly available data to further hypothesize potential sources of exposure in two NCS counties. Results Location was associated with serum concentrations for all PFAS chemicals measured. Questionnaire responses for race/ethnicity, income, education level, number of household members, drinking water source, home age, and fast-food consumption were associated with PFAS levels. Statistical differences were observed between participants with the same questionnaire responses but in different locations. Spatial mapping analyses suggested that participants’ proximity to local point sources can overshadow expected trends with demographic information. Significance By increasing understanding of maternal and early-life PFAS exposures from various potential sources and pathways, as well as highlighting the importance of proximity to potential sources in identifying vulnerable populations and locations, this work reveals environmental justice considerations and contributes to risk management strategies that maximize public health protection. Impact This work increases understanding of maternal and early-life PFAS exposures, reveals environmental justice considerations, and contributes to study design and risk management strategies.

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Serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations and predictors of exposure among pregnant African American women in the Atlanta area, Georgia

Cited by 54 publications

References 86 publications

Legacy Chemical Pollutants in House Dust of Pregnant African Americans in Atlanta

Legacy Chemical Pollutants in House Dust of Pregnant African Americans in Atlanta

Targeted and Suspect Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products

Geographic and demographic variability in serum PFAS concentrations for pregnant women in the United States

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