Serum organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in Chinese females of childbearing age: Association with serum reproductive and thyroid hormones

Organophosphate esters in human serum: a relatively simple and efficient liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method

“…Compared with other regions (Table S7†), the detection frequency and mean concentration of TDCPP in the serum of the population of Shanghai (83%, 1.77 ng mL −1 ) were much higher than those in Zhejiang (62%, 0.027 ng mL −1 ) 57 and Tianjin (79%, 0.16 ng mL −1 ). 36 In contrast, the frequency and mean concentration of TEP (32%, 0.08 ng mL −1 ) were much lower than those found in regions such as Beijing (74%, 0.432 ng mL −1 ) 50 and Shenzhen (96%, 0.49 ng mL −1 ). 22 These results suggest that people are commonly exposed to OPEs and the composition as well as the load of OPEs exposure varies somewhat among populations in different regions.…”

“…Wang et al 34 extracted OPEs from 1 mL of whole blood using liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) combined with SPE columns and determined the OPEs using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Liu et al 36 developed an SPE pretreatment method for the extraction of OPEs from 500 μL of serum. These methods are characterized by heavy sample consumption, high experimental costs (consuming SPE columns and large amounts of organic solvents), and labor-intensive sample preparation, which hinder biomonitoring of blood OPEs.…”

A Review of the Association between Exposure to Flame Retardants and Thyroid Function

“…A total of twenty-five studies analyzed the associations between flame retardants and TSH levels ( Table 2 ). Ten of the twenty-five studies demonstrated positive associations between all flame retardants and TSH [ 20 , 24 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 39 , 51 , 63 , 71 , 73 ]. Six studies showed negative associations [ 17 , 37 , 52 , 54 , 56 , 59 ].…”