Serum metabolomics assessment of etiological processes predisposing ketosis in water buffalo during early lactation

Influence of Cobalt Source, Folic Acid, and Rumen-Protected Methionine on Performance, Metabolism, and Liver Tissue One-Carbon Metabolism Biomarkers in Peripartal Holstein Cows

“…Emerging evidence suggests that these reactions have roles in the modulation of inflammatory responses via two different actions: (1) the remethylation of homocysteine to form Met, thus regulating the level of homocysteine, which, at elevated levels, may elicit an inflammatory response, and (2) the synthesis of glutathione and taurine, which are antioxidants, through the entry of homocysteine in the trans-sulfuration pathway as a consequence of a greater flux of Met through MAT [ 1 , 6 , 33 , 34 ]. Although the cows in the present study did not have clinical signs of disease, a reduction in taurine availability was recently linked with hyperketonemia postpartum in water buffalo [ 35 ].…”

Metabolic Changes Associated with Different Levels of Energy Deficits in Mediterranean Buffaloes during the Early Lactation Stage: Type and Role of the Main Lipid Fractions Involved

“…Considering that there is no specific BHB cut-off for buffaloes to identify animals as healthy and hyperketonemic, we selected a subjective cut-off, as described in the study of Fiore et al [4]. Specifically, we used the BHB concentration reported in a previous study on healthy buffaloes at the same lactation period [16] using the mean BHB value of 0.4 mmol/L plus three standard deviations of 0.1 each to establish a subjective BHB cut-off of 0.7 mmol/L.…”

“…Anyway, the raised intensive management systems that maximize milk and meat, genetic selection, and higher nutritional requirements led to a higher incidence of several pathologies associated with metabolic imbalance [2]. A potentially critical period is the transition period characterized by major physiological, nutritional, metabolic, and immunological changes [3,4].…”

“…Serum or plasma NEFA and BHB are accepted biomarkers of excessive negative energy balance in dairy cows and ewes [6,7]. Nevertheless, a specific BHB threshold for identifying metabolic disorders such as ketosis in buffaloes has not been established [4]. Both NEFA and BHB can negatively influence inflammatory response and immune system functions, promoting an increase in other metabolic and reproductive disorders [2,4].…”

“…Nevertheless, a specific BHB threshold for identifying metabolic disorders such as ketosis in buffaloes has not been established [4]. Both NEFA and BHB can negatively influence inflammatory response and immune system functions, promoting an increase in other metabolic and reproductive disorders [2,4]. The mobilization of lipids from adipose tissue induces not only the relative concentrations of total plasma lipids but also lipid fractions such as phospholipids (PLs), free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides (TGs), and cholesterol esters (CEs) [8,9].…”