Serum metabolites associated with feed efficiency in black angus steers

Clemmons, Brooke A.; Mihelič, R.; Beckford, Ronique C.; Powers, Joshua B.; Melchior, Emily A; McFarlane, Z. D.; Cope, E. R.; Embree, Mallory; Mulliniks, J. T.; Campagna, Shawn R.; Voy, Brynn H.; Myer, Phillip R.

doi:10.1007/s11306-017-1282-z

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Steers were acclimated to a basal diet and fed ad libitum in a GrowSafe feed intake measurement system (GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Alberta, Canada). The basal diet was similar to Clemmons et al (2017) , consisting of 10% protein supplement, 10% cracked corn, and 80% corn silage (11.57% crude protein and 76.93% total digestible nutrients dry matter basis).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed and red clover isoflavones on rumen microbial populations and physiological parameters of beef cattle1,2

Melchior

Smith

Schneider

et al. 2018

Translational Animal Science

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Lolium arundinaceum [(Darbyshire) tall fescue] toxicosis is responsible for substantial beef production losses in the United States, due to its negative effects on reproduction, growth, and feed efficiency. These effects are consequences of toxic alkaloids within tall fescue. Interseeding legumes, such as Trifolium pratense (red clover), into pastures has been shown to mitigate a portion of these effects. Clovers contain isoflavones, which may play a role in tall fescue toxicosis mitigation. The present study utilized 36 Angus steers to determine the effects of daily supplementation with a red clover-isolated isoflavone feed additive on physiological symptoms of tall fescue toxicosis and the rumen microbial environment over a 21-d period. Angus steers were initially stratified based upon their single nucleotide polymorphism genotype at the DRD2 receptor. Treatments were then randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement within a completely randomized design, where treatment factors consisted of tall fescue seed type (endophyte-infected tall fescue seed vs. endophyte-free tall fescue seed) supplemented with and without the isoflavone additive. Steers that consumed endophyte-infected tall fescue seed had lower serum prolactin concentrations (P = 0.0007), average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.003), final body weight (BW; P = 0.004), and feed efficiency (P = 0.018) when compared with steers that consumed endophyte-free tall fescue seed. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) tended to be reduced with supplementation of isoflavones (P = 0.06) but was unaffected by seed type (P ≥ 0.10) and seed by treatment interaction (P ≥ 0.10). Isoflavones reduced serum glucose levels (P = 0.023), but neither seed type, isoflavones, or their interaction affected serum urea nitrogen (SUN), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), or insulin (P ≥ 0.10). Volatile fatty acid concentrations, dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal pH, and overall feeding behaviors were also unaffected by seed type or isoflavone treatments (P ≥ 0.10). Twenty-eight ruminal bacteria taxa shifted as a result of seed type or isoflavone treatment (P < 0.05). In this experiment, feeding isoflavones to Angus cattle did not completely mitigate all symptoms of fescue toxicosis. However, dose–response trials may aid future research to determine if dietary supplementation with isoflavones alleviates fescue toxicosis symptoms and promotes livestock growth and performance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed and red clover isoflavones on rumen microbial populations and physiological parameters of beef cattle1,2

Melchior

Smith

Schneider

et al. 2018

Translational Animal Science

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“…However, similar results have been reported in previous studies that assessed selected blood metabolites such as blood glucose and NEFA concentrations of animals divergent in residual feed intake, a common measure for assessing feed efficiency in beef cattle. For example, Clemmons et al (2017) reported no differences in serum glucose and NEFA in Black Angus steers divergent in residual feed intake. In another study, plasma glucose concentration was similar in growing beef bull divergent in residual feed intake ( Bourgon et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The blood concentrations of metabolites containing carbonyl group such as ketones and aldehydes reflect the energy status of animals as they are common intermediate products of energy metabolism ( Zhao et al, 2017 ; Adeyemi et al, 2020 ). The lack of difference in plasma carbonyl-metabolome between HF and LF steers was unexpected but not surprising because one of the major energy substrates, glucose, is tightly regulated and is in continuous supply via gluconeogenesis ( Aschenbach et al, 2010 ; Clemmons et al, 2017 ). No studies that evaluated plasma carbonyl-metabolome in beef steers with varying feed efficiency-related traits could be found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Average daily gain divergence in beef steers is associated with altered plasma metabolome and whole blood immune-related gene expression

Ogunade

McCoun

2020

Translational Animal Science

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We evaluated the plasma amine/phenol- and carbonyl-metabolome and whole-blood immune gene expression profiles in beef steers with divergent average daily gain. Forty-eight Angus crossbred beef steers (21 d post-weaning; 210 ± 8.5 kg of body weight) were fed the same total mixed ration ad libitum for 42 d with free access to water. After 42 d of feeding, the steers were divided into two groups of lowest (LF: n = 8) and highest average daily gain (HF: n = 8). Blood samples were taken from all steers. The blood samples from LF and HF steers were used for further analysis. A subsample of the whole blood was immediately transferred into ribonucleic acid (RNA)-protect tubes for RNA extraction and messenger RNA expressions of 84 genes involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. Another subsample of the whole blood was immediately centrifuged to harvest the plasma for subsequent metabolome analysis. The average daily dry matter intake of the steers in LF and HF were 6.08 kg ± 0.57 and 6.04 kg ± 0.42, respectively, and was similar between the two groups (P = 0.72). The average daily gain (1.09 kg ± 0.13) of LF was lower (P = 0.01) than that of HF (1.63 kg ± 0.20). The expressions of 10 immune-related genes were upregulated (FC ≥ 1.2; P ≤ 0.05) in HF steers; these genes were involved in viral pathogen recognition and eradication, defense against intracellular and extracellular pathogens and parasites, and immune response homeostasis. A total number of 42 carbonyl-containing metabolites and 229 amine/phenol-containing metabolites were identified in the plasma samples of both groups. No alteration in carbonyl-metabolome was detected. Ten metabolites with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and reactive oxygen-scavenging properties were greater (FDR ≤ 0.05) in HF steers, whereas 8 metabolites including arginine, phenylalanine, guanidoacetic acid, and aspartyl-threonine were greater in LF steers. This study demonstrated that beef steers with divergent average daily gain had altered plasma amine/phenol metabolome and immune-related gene expressions in the blood. Notably, plasma metabolites and immune-related genes of great health benefits were greater in steers with high average daily gain.

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“…As research continues to develop past the characterization of microbiomes with regard to production in ruminants, researchers can begin to connect and define the complex network dictating these host-microbe symbioses. Researchers have begun to link microbiomes through genomics to their host [132] or link microbiome function to production phenotypes, such as FE [133]. Building upon the knowledge gained from microbiomes throughout ruminant production will ultimately permit strategies to select for or manipulate microbiomes to obtain desirable, healthy and efficient microbiomes in adult ruminants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiomes in ruminant protein production and food security.

Myer¹,

Clemmons²,

Schneider³

et al. 2019

CABI Reviews

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The global population is rapidly increasing and will surpass 10 billion people within the next 20 years. As diminishing resources continue to impact agriculture, and with the necessity to feed the world by 2050, the agricultural sector must be able to sustainably and efficiently produce high-quality sources of food that are both attainable to the global population and contribute to healthy, balanced nutrition. Ruminants are a unique contributor towards a sustainable and food secure world, as they are available and utilized across all economic and social demographics, and can produce high-quality protein from otherwise inedible plants from land that is typically unsuitable for crop production or cultivation. Thus, developing tools, methodologies, and systems for optimizing the production of protein from ruminants stands to make great impacts on food security. Breeding and genetics have played a role in this development, but cannot be a singular solution. Microbes are present at abundances that equal or exceed host cell counts, are ubiquitous throughout all mammalian systems and are required for regular host-physiological functions. Optimizing these host-microbe-symbioses in ruminants permits the opportunity to augment the utility and efficiency of microbiomes and their functions to produce production-specific phenotypes and outputs. This review, therefore, examines the role of microbiomes in ruminants to efficiently and sustainably produce high-quality protein for human consumption to aid in efforts to achieve global food security.

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Serum metabolites associated with feed efficiency in black angus steers

Cited by 41 publications

References 53 publications

Effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed and red clover isoflavones on rumen microbial populations and physiological parameters of beef cattle1,2

Effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed and red clover isoflavones on rumen microbial populations and physiological parameters of beef cattle1,2

Average daily gain divergence in beef steers is associated with altered plasma metabolome and whole blood immune-related gene expression

Microbiomes in ruminant protein production and food security.

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