Serum‐mediated osteogenic effect in traumatic brain‐injured patients

Abstract

The study results strongly support a humoral mechanism in enhanced fracture healing and the induction of HO after TBI. Increased proliferation of osteoblastic cells and an accelerated differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells may be responsible for increased osteogenesis in TBI.

Increased levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide in serum accelerate fracture healing following traumatic brain injury

“…Boes et al (10) revealed that in vitro human stromal stem cells proliferate beyond expected parameters when incubated with serum from rats following brain injury, and concluded that brain-derived factors mediate a mitogenic effect on osteoprogenitor cells by means of the humoral circulation. Gautschi et al (11) revealed increased proliferation of osteoblastic cells and accelerated differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells using serum from TBI and fracture patients, which also strongly supports the use of a humoral mechanism in enhanced fracture-healing and the induction of heterotopic ossification following TBI. In a previous study, Gautschi et al revealed the osteoinductive potential of cerebrospinal fluid derived from TBI patients (12).…”

BMP-9-induced muscle heterotopic ossification requires changes to the skeletal muscle microenvironment

“…Indeed, Gautschi and colleagues recently showed the osteogenic potential of serum from brain-injured patients. (39) Postinjury serum samples induced in vitro proliferation of the human fetal osteoblastic cell line hFOB1.19 and of primary human osteoblasts. Furthermore, the samples significantly increased mRNA expression of specific osteoblastic markers.…”

“…Furthermore, the samples significantly increased mRNA expression of specific osteoblastic markers. (39) Owing to their well-known role in inducing the osteogenic program in cells, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), notably BMP-2, -4, -6, and -7, may be key players in HO. However, there is currently no evidence to suggest that they do indeed play a role in HO.…”

Serum After Traumatic Brain Injury Increases Proliferation and Supports Expression of Osteoblast Markers in Muscle Cells

“…Several groups of investigators, including ours, have suggested the importance of humoral factors in the cascade of events leading to heterotopic ossification on the basis of in vitro studies demonstrating the mitogenic and osteogenic effects of serum from subjects who had undergone trauma to the central nervous system [11][12][13][14][15][16] . These investigators used models of osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and fibroblasts, but none reviewed the effect of serum from patients with traumatic brain injury on cells derived from skeletal muscle.…”