Serum Lutein Response Is Greater from Free Lutein Than from Esterified Lutein during 4 Weeks of Supplementation in Healthy Adults

Norkus, Edward P.; Norkus, Katherine L; Dharmarajan, T. S.; Schierle, Joseph; Schalch, Wolfgang

doi:10.1080/07315724.2010.10719896

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This relation has been previously reported by Norkus et al (55) who observed that higher initial (baseline) serum lutein concentrations predicted greater serum lutein responses after lutein supplementation. This effect suggests that the ability to respond to dietary lutein is a key factor that governs blood and likely tissue lutein concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Interindividual variability of lutein bioavailability in healthy men: characterization, genetic variants involved, and relation with fasting plasma lutein concentration

Borel¹,

Desmarchelier²,

Nowicki³

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Lutein accumulates in the macula and brain, where it is assumed to play physiologic roles. The bioavailability of lutein is assumed to display a high interindividual variability that has been hypothesized to be attributable, at least partly, to genetic polymorphisms. Objectives: We characterized the interindividual variability in lutein bioavailability in humans, assessed the relation between this variability and the fasting blood lutein concentration, and identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in this phenomenon. Design: In a randomized, 2-way crossover study, 39 healthy men consumed a meal that contained a lutein supplement or the same meal for which lutein was provided through a tomato puree. The lutein concentration was measured in plasma chylomicrons isolated at regular time intervals over 8 h postprandially. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify a combination of SNPs associated with the postprandial chylomicron lutein response (0-8-h area under the curve). A total of 1785 SNPs in 51 candidate genes were selected. Results: Postprandial chylomicron lutein responses to meals were very variable (CV of 75% and 137% for the lutein-supplement meal and the meal with tomato-sourced lutein, respectively). Postprandial chylomicron lutein responses measured after the 2 meals were positively correlated (r = 0.68, P , 0.0001) and positively correlated to the fasting plasma lutein concentration (r = 0.51, P , 0.005 for the lutein-supplement-containing meal). A significant (P = 1.9 3 10 24 )and validated partial least-squares regression model, which included 29 SNPs in 15 genes, explained most of the variance in the postprandial chylomicron lutein response. Conclusions: The ability to respond to lutein appears to be, at least in part, genetically determined. The ability is explained, in large part, by a combination of SNPs in 15 genes related to both lutein and chylomicron metabolism. Finally, our results suggest that the ability to respond to lutein and blood lutein status are related. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02100774. Am J Clin Nutr 2014;100:168-75.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Interindividual variability of lutein bioavailability in healthy men: characterization, genetic variants involved, and relation with fasting plasma lutein concentration

Borel¹,

Desmarchelier²,

Nowicki³

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…In contrast, Norkus et al. () reported that the serum lutein response was higher with free lutein than with lutein esters. Few reports have been published about the response of the MPOD levels to lutein supplementation compared with each type of lutein (Landrum et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Comparison of macular pigment and serum lutein concentration changes between free lutein and lutein esters supplements in Japanese subjects

Yoshizako

Hara

Takai

et al. 2016

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…Due to the solubility characteristics of carotenoids, the amount of fat consumed in conjunction with carotenoids appears to be an important factor in determining their bioavailability [12, 13]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While several single-dose, comparative pharmacokinetic (PK) studies have been conducted in human subjects using lutein or lutein esters [11–13], only one multiple-dose PK study [14] has been published. No comparative PK studies using two different sources of unesterified lutein have been published so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of formulation on the bioavailability of lutein and zeaxanthin: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, comparative, single-dose study in healthy subjects

et al. 2012

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PurposeLutein and zeaxanthin are macular pigments with a protective function in the retina. These xanthophylls must be obtained from the diet or added to foods or supplements via easy-to-use, stable formulations. The technique employed to produce these formulations may affect the bioavailability of the xanthophylls.MethodsForty-eight healthy volunteers were randomized into this double-blind, cross-over study investigating the plasma kinetics of lutein provided as two different beadlet formulations. Subjects (n = 48) received a single dose of 20 mg of lutein as either a starch-matrix (“SMB”, FloraGLO® Lutein 5 %) or as a cross-linked alginate-matrix beadlet (“AMB”, Lyc-O-Lutein 20 %) formulation. Plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin were measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 14, 24, 26, 28, 32, 36, 48, 72, 168, and 672 h.ResultsThe mean plasma AUC(0–72h), AUC(0–672h), and Cmax for total lutein and zeaxanthin and their all-E-isomers were significantly increased (p < 0.001) from pre-dose concentrations in response to SMB and AMB. There was no difference in lutein Tmax between the two test articles. However, by 14 h post-dose, total plasma lutein increased by 7 % with AMB and by 126 % with SMB. Total lutein AUC(0–72h) and AUC(0–672h) were 1.8-fold and 1.3-fold higher, respectively, for SMB compared to AMB. Both formulations were well tolerated by subjects in this study.ConclusionThese findings confirm that the bioavailability of lutein and zeaxanthin critically depends on the formulation used and document a superiority of the starch-based over the alginate-based product in this study.

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Serum Lutein Response Is Greater from Free Lutein Than from Esterified Lutein during 4 Weeks of Supplementation in Healthy Adults

Cited by 37 publications

References 43 publications

Interindividual variability of lutein bioavailability in healthy men: characterization, genetic variants involved, and relation with fasting plasma lutein concentration

Interindividual variability of lutein bioavailability in healthy men: characterization, genetic variants involved, and relation with fasting plasma lutein concentration

Comparison of macular pigment and serum lutein concentration changes between free lutein and lutein esters supplements in Japanese subjects

Effects of formulation on the bioavailability of lutein and zeaxanthin: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, comparative, single-dose study in healthy subjects

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