Serum lipoproteins, sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin in middle-aged men of different physical fitness and risk of coronary heart disease

̈inen, E. Ha ̈ma ̈la; Tikkanen, Heikki; ̈nen, M. Ha ̈rko; Na¨veri, Hannu; Adlercreutz, Herman

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(87)90275-9

Cited by 29 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The hypothesis that high testosterone increases ASCVD risk in men is controversial for several reasons. Firstly, the majority of cross-sectional studies examining the relationship between testosterone levels and ASCVD support an inverse relationship between testosterone and risk of cardiovascular disease [114] , [115] , [116] , [117] , [118] , [119] . Certain studies, however, support a neutral [120] , [121] , [122] , [123] , positive or J-curve [124] relationship between testosterone and cardiovascular disease.…”

Section: Are Male Sex Hormones Mediators Of Increased Ascvd Risk In Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism

Palmisano

Zhu

Eckel

et al. 2018

Molecular Metabolism

337

234

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BackgroundEndogenous sex hormones are important for metabolic health in men and women. Before menopause, women are protected from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) relative to men. Women have fewer cardiovascular complications of obesity compared to men with obesity. Endogenous estrogens have been proposed as a mechanism that lessens ASCVD risk, as risk of glucose and lipid abnormalities increases when endogenous estrogens decline with menopause. While baseline risk is higher in males than females, endogenously produced androgens are also protective against fatty liver, diabetes and ASCVD, as risk goes up with androgen deprivation and with the decline in androgens with age.Scope of ReviewIn this review, we discuss evidence of how endogenous sex hormones and hormone treatment approaches impact fatty acid, triglyceride, and cholesterol metabolism to influence metabolic and cardiovascular risk. We also discuss potential reasons for why treatment strategies with estrogens and androgens in older individuals fail to fully recapitulate the effects of endogenous sex hormones.Major ConclusionsThe pathways that confer ASCVD protection for women are of potential therapeutic relevance. Despite protection relative to men, ASCVD is still the major cause of mortality in women. Additionally, diabetic women have similar ASCVD risk as diabetic men, suggesting that the presence of diabetes may offset the protective cardiovascular effects of being female through unknown mechanisms.

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Section: Are Male Sex Hormones Mediators Of Increased Ascvd Risk In Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism

Palmisano

Zhu

Eckel

et al. 2018

Molecular Metabolism

337

234

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In any case, there is a signi®cant literature to suggest that low levels of SHBG, at least in the context of many of the same codependent variables that were mentioned above, are associated with several other risk factors for atherosclerosis. For example, SHBG has been positively correlated in cross-sectional studies to HDL-C 25 ± 32 and Apo A-I levels, 31,32 a phenomenon that has been described among various ethnic groups and between sexes. Nevertheless, related cofactors such as visceral obesity and insulin levels may also be correlates of these lipoprotein concentrations.…”

Section: Clinical Evidence For Roles Of Shbg Family Proteins In Coagulation Andaor Atherosclerosis Riskmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sex hormone binding globulins and atherosclerotic risk in systemic lupus

Merrill

Lahita

2000

Lupus

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Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a transport protein in human plasma which regulates the bioavailability of sex hormones, mediates membrane receptor signaling and may affect inflammatory processes, suggesting a regulatory role for this protein in the prevention of atherosclerosis. The current report summarizes literature implicating several members of the SHBG family in the regulation of hormonal and inflammatory processes which may be pertinent to the accelerated atherosclerosis seen in systemic lupus.

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Androgen and Estrogen Effects on Plasma Lipids in Men

Bagatell¹,

Bremner²

1999

Hormones and the Heart in Health and Disease

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Serum lipoproteins, sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin in middle-aged men of different physical fitness and risk of coronary heart disease

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Sex differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism

Sex differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism

Sex hormone binding globulins and atherosclerotic risk in systemic lupus

Androgen and Estrogen Effects on Plasma Lipids in Men

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